AP Statistics Survey Design MC TEST

Explain the difference between simple random sampling and stratified random sampling.

• Simple random sampling selects individuals randomly from a specific subgroup, while stratified random sampling selects individuals randomly from the entire population.

• Simple random sampling selects individuals randomly from the entire population, while stratified random sampling divides the population into subgroups and selects individuals from each subgroup.

• Simple random sampling divides the population into subgroups and selects individuals from each subgroup, while stratified random sampling selects individuals randomly from a specific subgroup.

• Simple random sampling selects individuals based on a specific characteristic, while stratified random sampling selects individuals randomly from the entire population.

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What is confounding in AP Statistics survey design and how does it impact the validity of the study?

• Confounding in AP Statistics survey design refers to a situation where the effect of a confounding variable is mixed with the effect of the independent variable, making it difficult to determine the true cause of the observed relationship. It impacts the validity of the study by introducing bias and making it challenging to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

• Confounding in AP Statistics survey design refers to a situation where the effect of a confounding variable is negligible and does not impact the validity of the study.

• Confounding in AP Statistics survey design refers to a situation where the effect of a confounding variable is easily separated from the effect of the independent variable, ensuring the validity of the study.

• Confounding in AP Statistics survey design refers to a situation where the effect of a confounding variable is completely independent of the effect of the independent variable, enhancing the validity of the study.

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What are some common sources of bias in survey questions?

• Leading or loaded questions, ambiguous or unclear language, double-barreled questions, and response options that are not mutually exclusive or exhaustive.

• Biased response options, leading or suggestive language, irrelevant or sensitive questions

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Explain the concept of non-response bias in data collection techniques.

• Non-response bias is the bias that occurs when the respondents who do participate in a survey or study are randomly selected from the population.

• Non-response bias is the bias that occurs when the respondents who do not participate in a survey or study differ systematically from those who do participate.

• Non-response bias is the bias that occurs when the respondents who do participate in a survey or study do not differ systematically from those who do not participate.

• Non-response bias is the bias that occurs when the respondents who do participate in a survey or study differ systematically from those who do not participate.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of face-to-face interviews as a data collection technique?

• Disadvantages of face-to-face interviews include potential interviewer bias, limited anonymity for participants, and the possibility of social desirability bias.

• Advantages of face-to-face interviews include the ability to establish a personal connection, the opportunity to clarify ambiguous responses, and the ability to gauge participant reactions.

• The advantages of face-to-face interviews include collecting more accurate data, building trust with participants, and allowing for in-depth responses.

• The advantages of face-to-face interviews include observing non-verbal cues, building rapport, and asking follow-up questions. Disadvantages include potential bias, high cost and time requirements, and limited reach.

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Describe the process of random digit dialing as a data collection technique.

• Random digit dialing is a data collection technique where phone numbers are obtained from a pre-existing list and called to gather information.

• Random digit dialing is a data collection technique where phone numbers are generated randomly and called to gather information.

• Random digit dialing is a data collection technique where phone numbers are selected based on a specific pattern and called to gather information.

• Random digit dialing is a data collection technique where phone numbers are selected based on demographic information and called to gather information.

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An advertising agency is testing the effectiveness of a new commercial. They are trying out the commercial in three different time lengths (15, 30, and 60 seconds) and two formats (animated vs. live action). Each test audience will rate the product after seeing the commercial shown in one way. Which description is correct?

• An experiment with 2 factors (length and format), one having 3 levels (15, 30, 60) and the other having 2 levels (animated and live) for 6 treatments.

• An experiment with 2 factors (length and format) at 5 levels (15, 30, 60, animated and live) for 5 treatments.

• An experiment with 1 factor (length) blocked by format with 3 levels (15, 30, 60).

• A sample survey with two questions and one response.

• A sample stratified by length and format.

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A school newspaper is going to investigate students' perceptions regarding the campus security guards. They plan to survey 100 students at the school. The editor-in-chief tells his staff that he is worried about undercoverage bias created by chronically truant students. His concern is...

• unwarranted because some students may refuse to participate and that is inevitable.

• justified because chronically truant students will be difficult to survey and will probably have a disproportionately negative view of security guards.

• unwarranted because students who cannot be surveyed are not a part of the population of interest.

• unwarranted because students who cannot be surveyed are not a part of the sample.

• justified because people need to be forced to answer a surey in order for the results to be valid.

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In a Japanese study, "researchers look at 35 people with lower back pain who were enrolled in an aquatic exercise program, which included swimming and walking in a pool. Almost all of the patients showed improvements after six months, but the researchers found that those who participated at least twice weekly showed more significant improvement than those who went only once per week."

• This experiment proves that swimming causes a reduction in lower back pain.

• The study is a poorly designed experiment since there is no control group and there is no randomization.

• Conclusions based on this observational study are suspect since participation in the aquatic program may be confounded with other lifestyle behaviors that may cause the improvement in lower back health.

• Conclusions based on this observational study are suspect since a sample size of 35 is too small.

• The study is not an observational study since the aquatic program is a treatment.

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Statistics teachers often debate the best order in which to teach topics. One group of teachers likes to teach design of studies first. Another group likes to begin with data analysis. To see which order is more effective in preparing students for the AP Exam, an experiment was proposed. A large group of teachers, each of whom teaches two sections of statistics, volunteered to be part of the experiment. Each teacher will randomly assign one of their classes to beign with design, and the other to begin with data analysis. Which is the correct description of this design?

• The experimental units are the classrooms, the blocks are the teachers, and the response variable is the difference in average AP Exam score for each of the teacher's classes.

• The experimental units are the teachers, there are no blocks, and the response variable is the average AP Exam score for each teacher.

• The experimental units are the individual students, the blocks are the classrooms, and the response variable is each individual student's AP Exam score.

• The experimental units are the individual students, the blocks are the teachers, and the response variable is the average AP Exam score for each classroom

• The experimental units are the order of the topics, the blocks are the teachers, and the response variable is the average AP Exam score for all students who used each order of topics.

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