MYP Scientific Quiz

What is the first step of the scientific method?

• Ask a question or identify a problem

• Draw a conclusion

• Collect data

• Form a hypothesis

Answer explanation

The first step of the scientific method is to ask a question or identify a problem. This step is crucial as it sets the foundation for the entire process. It helps researchers focus on a specific issue and guides them in designing experiments, collecting data, and forming hypotheses. The other options, such as drawing a conclusion, collecting data, and forming a hypothesis, come later in the scientific method.

What are the three types of variables in an experiment?

• manipulated variables, responding variables, and controlled variables

• experimental variables, observational variables, and controlled variables

• independent variables, dependent variables, and controlled variables

• independent variables, dependent variables, and manipulated variables

Answer explanation

In an experiment, there are three types of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled variables. The independent variable is the one being manipulated, the dependent variable is the one being measured, and controlled variables are kept constant to ensure a fair test. This corresponds to the correct choice: independent variables, dependent variables, and controlled variables.

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What is a controlled experiment?

• A controlled experiment is an experiment that does not require a hypothesis.

• A controlled experiment is a scientific experiment that is designed to minimize the influence of variables other than the one being tested.

• A controlled experiment is an experiment that involves multiple variables.

• A controlled experiment is an experiment that is conducted in a laboratory setting.

Answer explanation

A controlled experiment is designed to minimize the influence of variables other than the one being tested. This allows researchers to isolate the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable, ensuring that the results are not influenced by other factors. The other options mentioned do not accurately describe a controlled experiment.

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Why is it important to have a control group in a controlled experiment?

• To provide a baseline for comparison

• To increase the sample size

• To save time and resources

• To confuse the results

Answer explanation

A control group is crucial in a controlled experiment because it serves as a baseline for comparison. By comparing the results of the experimental group with the control group, researchers can determine the effect of the variable being tested and draw more accurate conclusions.

What is the purpose of the independent variable in an experiment?

• To be manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

• To be ignored and not considered in the experiment

• To be measured and observed by the researcher

• To remain constant throughout the experiment

Answer explanation

The purpose of the independent variable in an experiment is to be manipulated or changed by the researcher in order to observe its effect on the dependent variable. This allows the researcher to determine if there is a causal relationship between the two variables.

What is the purpose of the dependent variable in an experiment?

• To measure the effect or outcome of the independent variable.

• To determine the sample size.

• To manipulate the experimental conditions.

• To control the independent variable.

Answer explanation

The purpose of the dependent variable in an experiment is to measure the effect or outcome of the independent variable. It is the variable that is observed and measured to determine the impact of the independent variable, which is the variable that is manipulated in the experiment.

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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

• Qualitative data is numerical and objective, while quantitative data is descriptive and subjective.

• Qualitative data is based on opinions and feelings, while quantitative data is based on facts and figures.

• Qualitative data is descriptive and subjective, while quantitative data is numerical and objective.

• Qualitative data is collected through surveys and questionnaires, while quantitative data is collected through observations and experiments.

Answer explanation

The difference between qualitative and quantitative data lies in their nature. Qualitative data is descriptive and subjective, focusing on characteristics and qualities that cannot be easily measured or counted. On the other hand, quantitative data is numerical and objective, dealing with measurable quantities and statistics. The correct choice highlights this distinction between the two types of data.

What is the difference between an observation and an inference?

• Observation is a conclusion made based on evidence, while inference is a direct result of using one or more of the five senses to gather information.

• Observation is a direct result of using one or more of the five senses to gather information, while inference is a conclusion or interpretation made based on observations or evidence.

• Observation and inference are the same thing.

• Observation is a prediction made based on evidence, while inference is a direct result of using one or more of the five senses to gather information.

Answer explanation

The difference between an observation and an inference lies in the process of gathering information and drawing conclusions. Observation involves using one or more of the five senses to collect data, while inference is the act of interpreting or making conclusions based on the observed data or evidence. The correct choice highlights this distinction between the two terms.

What are some common sources of error in scientific experiments?

• insufficient sample size, biased sampling, confounding variables

• measurement errors, human error, equipment malfunction, sampling errors, and systematic errors

• lack of control group, lack of randomization, lack of replication

• incorrect measurements, incorrect calculations, incorrect data analysis

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights various sources of error in scientific experiments, including measurement errors, human error, equipment malfunction, sampling errors, and systematic errors. These factors can significantly impact the accuracy and reliability of experimental results, making it essential for researchers to account for and minimize these errors in their studies.

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Why is it important to repeat experiments multiple times?

• To waste time and resources.

• To confuse the researchers.

• To increase the chances of errors.

• To ensure reliability and validity of results.

Answer explanation

Repeating experiments multiple times is important to ensure the reliability and validity of results. By conducting the experiment multiple times, researchers can minimize the impact of random errors, confirm the consistency of their findings, and increase the confidence in their conclusions. This process helps to establish the credibility of the research and its findings.

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