Unit 3

Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate (change) in temperature. What is the reason for this?

• Water is an acid
• Water is a versatile solvent
• Water acts as a buffer.
• Water has a high specific heat.

In a process called transpiration, plants get rid of excess water through pores in the leaves called stomata. This excess water is then released into the atmosphere as part of the water cycle. Which of the following terms best describes how the released water enters the atmosphere?

• condensation
• evaporation
• precipitation
• capillary action

Which type of bonds are formed when the positive end of a polar molecule is attracted to the negative end of a polar molecule?

• hydrogen bonds
• ionic bonds
• covalent bonds

Water molecules are polar, with the __.

• oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative
• oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive
• oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative
• oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive

The framework of organic molecules essential to all organisms is composed mainly of carbon atoms. Which processes are involved in the cycling of carbon within an environment?

• photosynthesis and respiration
• evaporation and condensation
• precipitation and condensation
• photosynthesis and precipitation

The diagram below shows the flow of carbon in a terrestrial ecosystem. Which will most likely happen if the decomposers are removed from the carbon cycle?

• The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will increase.
• The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will decrease.
• The amount of carbon dioxide used by producers will increase.
• The amount of carbon dioxide needed by consumers will decrease.

When there is movement of water from the roots of plants to the leaves of the plant, which properties allow this to happen?

• high specific heat through cohesion
• adhesion through capillary action
• cohesion through surface tension
• polarity through high specific heat

What happens to hydrophobic molecules when mixed with water ?

• they are repelled by water
• they are attracted to water
• they are dissolved in water
• they are polarized by water

This property of water allows attraction between particles of the same substance ( why water is attracted to itself), results in Surface tension (a measure of the strength of water’s surface) , and produces a surface film on water that allows insects to walk on the surface of water.

• Cohesion
• Adhesion
• High specific heat
• Universal solvent

______ is anything that has mass and takes up space.

• Mass
• Energy
• Matter
• chemicals