Unit 2 Quiz

What is the process by which cells divide and reproduce called?

• cell replication

• cell multiplication

• cell regeneration

• cell division

Answer explanation

The process by which cells divide and reproduce is called 'cell division'. This term is more accurate than 'cell replication' or 'cell multiplication', as it specifically refers to the division of a cell into two daughter cells. 'Cell regeneration' is a broader term that includes cell division but also refers to the replacement of damaged or dead cells.

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in a cell?

• nucleus

• mitochondria

• ribosome

• lysosome

Answer explanation

The ribosome is the organelle responsible for protein synthesis in a cell. It is where the translation of RNA into proteins occurs. The other options, nucleus, mitochondria, and lysosome, have different functions. The nucleus controls cell activities, mitochondria produce energy, and lysosomes break down waste materials and cellular debris.

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

• Protect the cell from external environment

• Store genetic information

• Produce energy for the cell

• Regulate the movement of substances

Answer explanation

The main function of the cell membrane is to regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It acts as a selective barrier, allowing certain substances to pass while keeping others out. This is crucial for maintaining the cell's internal environment and ensuring its proper functioning. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is 'Regulate the movement of substances'.

Which type of transport requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane?

• Active transport

• Osmosis

• Facilitated diffusion

• Passive transport

Answer explanation

Active transport is the correct answer. It is a type of cellular transport that requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane. Unlike passive transport, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, active transport uses energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Which type of transport does not require energy to move substances across the cell membrane?

• Active transport

• Facilitated diffusion

• Simple diffusion

• Endocytosis

Answer explanation

Simple diffusion is the type of transport that does not require energy to move substances across the cell membrane. It is a passive process where substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without the need for energy. Unlike active transport and endocytosis, which require energy, and facilitated diffusion, which needs a carrier protein, simple diffusion occurs freely and naturally.

What are the two main types of cells?

• prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

• plant cells and animal cells

• bacterial cells and viral cells

• red blood cells and white blood cells

Answer explanation

The two main types of cells are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are simple, small cells, whereas eukaryotic cells are complex, large cells. The other options, such as plant cells and animal cells, are subtypes of eukaryotic cells. Bacterial cells are a type of prokaryotic cells, and viral cells are not considered true cells. Red blood cells and white blood cells are types of cells in the human body.

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

• metaphase

• telophase

• anaphase

• prophase

Answer explanation

During metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. This is a crucial step in mitosis, as it ensures that each daughter cell receives an equal number of chromosomes. In the other phases, such as prophase, anaphase, and telophase, the chromosomes are not aligned in the middle of the cell.

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?

• nucleus

• chloroplast

• endoplasmic reticulum

• mitochondria

Answer explanation

The correct answer is mitochondria. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells generate energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for this process, as they contain the necessary enzymes and machinery to carry out the various steps of cellular respiration. The other options, nucleus, chloroplast, and endoplasmic reticulum, are not involved in cellular respiration.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

• The Golgi apparatus stores waste materials in the cell.

• The Golgi apparatus helps in cell division.

• The function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids.

• The Golgi apparatus is responsible for energy production in the cell.

Answer explanation

The Golgi apparatus in a cell plays a crucial role in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids. It is not responsible for storing waste materials, cell division, or energy production. Its primary function is to process and transport proteins and lipids to their appropriate destinations within or outside the cell.

Which type of transport moves substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?

• osmosis

• facilitated transport

• active transport

• passive transport

Answer explanation

Active transport is the correct choice because it moves substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, using energy in the form of ATP. This process is against the concentration gradient, unlike passive transport, osmosis, and facilitated transport, which move substances along the concentration gradient without the use of energy.