Respiratory Investigations

What is the purpose of spirometry?

• The purpose of spirometry is to measure lung function.

• The purpose of spirometry is to diagnose allergies.

• The purpose of spirometry is to assess bone density.

• The purpose of spirometry is to measure blood pressure.

Name two common measurements obtained from spirometry.

• MVV and FRC

• PEF and TLC

• FEF25-75 and RV

• FVC and FEV1

What is the difference between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases in terms of spirometry results?

• Obstructive lung diseases are characterized by a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, while restrictive lung diseases have a normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio.

• Obstructive lung diseases are characterized by an increased FEV1/FVC ratio, while restrictive lung diseases have a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio.

• Obstructive lung diseases have a normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio, while restrictive lung diseases have a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio.

• Obstructive lung diseases have a normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio, while restrictive lung diseases have an increased FEV1/FVC ratio.

What are the main parameters measured in pulmonary function tests?

• blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation

• body temperature, blood sugar level, and cholesterol level

• bone density, muscle strength, and joint flexibility

• lung volume, airflow, and gas exchange

What is the significance of arterial blood gas analysis in respiratory investigations?

• Arterial blood gas analysis provides information about oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, as well as the acid-base balance.

• Arterial blood gas analysis is used to measure blood pressure and heart rate.

• Arterial blood gas analysis provides information about the levels of glucose and cholesterol in the blood.

• Arterial blood gas analysis is only necessary for patients with respiratory symptoms.

What are the normal ranges for arterial blood gas parameters (pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3-)?

• pH: 7.35-7.45, PaO2: 75-100 mmHg, PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg, HCO3-: 22-28 mEq/L

• pH: 7.30-7.40, PaO2: 70-90 mmHg, PaCO2: 30-40 mmHg, HCO3-: 20-25 mEq/L

• pH: 7.40-7.50, PaO2: 80-120 mmHg, PaCO2: 30-40 mmHg, HCO3-: 25-30 mEq/L

• pH: 7.25-7.35, PaO2: 60-80 mmHg, PaCO2: 40-50 mmHg, HCO3-: 20-25 mEq/L

What are the indications for performing a chest X-ray in respiratory investigations?

• To evaluate respiratory conditions and disorders.

• To evaluate musculoskeletal injuries.

• To diagnose gastrointestinal disorders.

• To assess cardiovascular health.

What are the common findings seen on a chest X-ray in patients with pneumonia?

• Consolidation, infiltrates, and air bronchograms

• Cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, and interstitial lung disease

• Cavitation, mediastinal shift, and rib fractures

• Atelectasis, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax

What is bronchoscopy and what are its uses in respiratory investigations?

• Bronchoscopy is a type of X-ray used to diagnose respiratory conditions.

• Bronchoscopy is a surgical procedure used to remove tumors from the lungs.

• Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the airways in the lungs and diagnose/treat respiratory conditions.

• Bronchoscopy is a non-invasive procedure used to treat asthma.

What are the potential complications of bronchoscopy?

• Muscle strain, joint pain, and fatigue

• Headache, nausea, and dizziness

• Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity

• Bleeding, infection, pneumothorax, and airway damage