Unit 3 Review

Where are volcanoes least likely to be found?

• in the middle of the ocean

• In a mountain chain

• In densely populated areas

• In the middle of continents or in the middle of oceanic plates.

Answer explanation

Volcanoes are least likely to be found in the middle of continents or oceanic plates because they are typically located at tectonic plate boundaries where magma can escape. These areas are less active in the center of plates.

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Order the layers of the earth from thinnest layer to thickest layer.

• Crust

• Inner Core

• Outer Core

• Mantle

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Correctly label the Earth's layers using the words provided.

a

b

c

d

Mantle

Outer Core

Crust

Inner Core

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Why are some mountains increasing in height?

• Earth's tectonic plates are causing erosion and weathering

• Earth's tectonic plates are causing volcanic activity

• Earth's tectonic plates are subducting

• Earth's tectonic plates are moving toward each other

Answer explanation

Mountains increase in height primarily due to tectonic plates moving toward each other, which can cause uplift and the formation of mountain ranges. This process is known as orogeny.

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What is happening in the Earth's mantle that affects tectonic plate movement?

• Heat from the core causes magma to rise and cool, creating a convection current that moves tectonic plates.

• Heat from the sun causes magma to rise and cool, creating a convection current that moves tectonic plates.

• Heat from the core causes magma to cool and rise, creating a convection current that moves tectonic plates.

• Water in the mantle causes magma to rise and cool, creating a convection current that moves tectonic plates.

Answer explanation

Heat from the Earth's core generates convection currents in the mantle, causing magma to rise and cool. This process is essential for the movement of tectonic plates, making the first answer choice correct.

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Why do some places have earthquakes and others don't?

• Is it because those places are close to the equator?

• Or maybe because earthquakes only happen in big cities?

• Could it be due to plate movement and how close they are to plate boundaries?

• Or is it because they border the Pacific Ocean?

Answer explanation

Earthquakes occur primarily due to the movement of tectonic plates. Areas near plate boundaries experience more seismic activity, making this the correct reason for why some places have earthquakes while others do not.

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Where should James, Aiden, and David look for the newest rocks on Earth?

• In the vast desert regions

• On the towering mountain ranges

• In the deep, mysterious ocean trenches

• Close to the bubbling mid-ocean ridges

Answer explanation

James, Aiden, and David should look close to the bubbling mid-ocean ridges because these areas are where new rocks are formed from volcanic activity, making them the newest on Earth.

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Which option lists the layers of the Earth in increasing thickness?

• mantle, crust, inner core, outer core

• crust, outer core, mantle, inner core

• inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

• crust, inner core, outer core, mantle

Answer explanation

The correct order of Earth's layers in increasing thickness is crust, inner core, outer core, and mantle. The crust is the thinnest layer, followed by the inner core, outer core, and finally the mantle, which is the thickest.

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Which statement best describes the Earth's inner core?

• The inner core is mostly made of magnesium. It has the highest temperature but the least amount of pressure.

• The inner core is mostly made of magnesium. It has the lowest temperature but the highest amount of pressure.

• The inner core is mostly iron, it has the highest temperature, density, and has the most pressure on it making it a solid.

• The inner core is mostly iron, it has the lowest temperature, density, and has the least pressure on it making it a liquid.

Answer explanation

The correct statement describes the inner core as mostly iron, with the highest temperature and pressure, which keeps it solid despite the extreme conditions. The other options incorrectly state its composition and properties.

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What is the best advantage of using a model for a science project?

• It helps them communicate their ideas more effectively.

• The model behaves just like the object they are studying.

• The model includes all the details of the object they are studying.

• The model is completely accurate.

Answer explanation

The best advantage of using a model is that it helps communicate ideas more effectively. While models can simulate behavior, include details, or aim for accuracy, their primary role in science projects is to enhance understanding and communication.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-4