Membrane Transport in Daily Life

How does diffusion play a role in the process of air freshener spreading its scent in a room?

• Diffusion allows the scent molecules to spread from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

• Diffusion is not involved in the process of air freshener spreading its scent in a room.

• Diffusion causes the scent molecules to stay confined to the air freshener and not spread in the room.

• Diffusion allows the scent molecules to spread from an area of high concentration (the air freshener) to an area of low concentration (the rest of the room).

Explain how osmosis is involved in the process of a plant absorbing water from the soil.

• Osmosis is the process by which water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

• Osmosis is the process by which water moves from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

• Osmosis is the process by which water moves from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure through a semipermeable membrane.

• Osmosis is the process by which plants release water into the soil through their roots.

In what ways does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?

• Facilitated diffusion requires carrier proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

• Facilitated diffusion is a faster process than simple diffusion.

• Facilitated diffusion occurs only in living organisms, while simple diffusion occurs in both living and non-living systems.

• Facilitated diffusion requires energy, while simple diffusion does not.

Describe how endocytosis is utilized by white blood cells to engulf and destroy bacteria.

• White blood cells use pinocytosis to engulf and destroy bacteria.

• White blood cells use exocytosis to engulf and destroy bacteria.

• White blood cells use phagocytosis to engulf and destroy bacteria.

• White blood cells use endocytosis to engulf and destroy bacteria.

How does exocytosis contribute to the release of neurotransmitters in the brain?

• Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are released from the postsynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft.

• Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron into the extracellular space.

• Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are released from the postsynaptic neuron into the extracellular space.

• Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft.

Explain the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential of a neuron.

• The sodium-potassium pump maintains the resting membrane potential of a neuron by actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.

• The sodium-potassium pump maintains the resting membrane potential of a neuron by actively transporting potassium ions out of the cell and sodium ions into the cell.

• The sodium-potassium pump maintains the resting membrane potential of a neuron by releasing sodium ions into the extracellular space and potassium ions into the intracellular space.

• The sodium-potassium pump maintains the resting membrane potential of a neuron by passively allowing sodium ions to enter the cell and potassium ions to exit the cell.

How does the calcium pump in muscle cells regulate muscle contraction?

• By passively allowing calcium ions to diffuse out of the cytoplasm.

• By actively pumping calcium ions out of the cytoplasm and into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

• By binding calcium ions to proteins in the cytoplasm.

• By releasing calcium ions into the cytoplasm from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Provide an example of diffusion occurring in a daily life situation.

• Baking a cake in the oven

• Pouring water into a glass

• Turning on a light switch

• Spreading of perfume or fragrance in a room

Describe a scenario where osmosis is involved in maintaining the balance of fluids in the human body.

• Osmosis is not involved in maintaining the balance of fluids in the human body.

• When a person drinks a lot of freshwater, the excess water in the body draws salt out of the cells through osmosis to maintain fluid balance.

• When a person drinks a lot of saltwater, the excess salt in the body draws water out of the cells through osmosis to maintain fluid balance.

• When a person drinks a lot of sugary drinks, the excess sugar in the body draws water out of the cells through osmosis to maintain fluid balance.

Compare and contrast facilitated diffusion and active transport in terms of energy requirement.

• Facilitated diffusion does not require energy, while active transport requires energy in the form of ATP.

• Facilitated diffusion requires energy, while active transport does not require energy.

• Facilitated diffusion and active transport both require energy in the form of ATP.

• Facilitated diffusion and active transport do not require energy.