Rocks 9no

Form deep within the Earth's crust from the slow cooling of magma

• extrusive igneous rock

• intrusive igneous rock

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, such as sand, mud, and organic debris.

• igneous rock

• metamorphic rock

• sedimentary rock

 is the process where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or chemically altered at or near the Earth's surface

• weathering

• soil

Formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava)

• sedimentary rock

• igneous rock

• metamorphic rock

• Located below the O horizon, this layer is a mixture of mineral particles and organic matter.

• It's where most biological activity occurs, with abundant roots, microorganisms, and other organisms.

• It tends to be darker than lower horizons due to the presence of humus.  

• This is the most fertile layer, crucial for plant growth.

• O horizon

• C horizon

• R horizon

• B horizon

• A horizon

 is the loose, unconsolidated material that covers the Earth's surface

• soil

• weathering

• This layer consists of weathered rock fragments, representing the partially altered parent material from which the soil developed.  

• It contains little organic matter and is less affected by biological activity.

• It provides a transition between the soil and the underlying bedrock.

• A horizon

• C horizon

• O horizon

• B horizon

• R horizon

Form on or near the Earth's surface from the rapid cooling of lava.

• extrusive igneous rock

• intrusive igneous rock

• This layer is primarily composed of mineral material, with less organic matter than the A horizon.

• It's often a zone of accumulation, where minerals and clay particles leached from the upper horizons accumulate.  

• It may have a different color and texture than the topsoil.

• B horizon

• O horizon

• R horizon

• C horizon

• A horizon

• This is the solid, unweathered rock layer that underlies the soil profile.

• It can be composed of various rock types, such as granite, limestone, or sandstone.

• B horizon

• A horizon

• R horizon

• C horizon

• O horizon