2nd Half of Unit 2 Exam - ZOO4125

Type 1 Diabetes is caused by...

• Eating too much sugary candy as a kid on Halloween?

• Insulin Insensitivity

• Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

• A genetic mutation that causes the Islet of Langerhans to malform

Blood HbA1C Level is...

• A good way to check instantaneous blood glucose leves

• Measures the amount of insulin in the blood

• Measures the amount of Glucagon in the blood

• Gives a snapshot of average glucose levels over the course of 12-16 weeks

The Incretin Effect is when insulin levels rise significantly more when ingesting glucose, than when injecting glucose.

• True

• False

___: the metabolism of glucose-6-phosphate to pyruvate

• Gluconeogenesis

• Glycogenolysis

• Glycolysis

• Photosynthesis

Why are some Type 2 Diabetics instructed to take insulin if they already have high circulating insulin levels?

• It allows circulating insulin to increase enough for the cells to respond

• Type 2 Diabetics cannot be treated with insulin

• To increase blood glucose levels

• To help with sugar cravings

Besides insulin, what is another treatment option for Type 2 Diabetics? (Two answers)

• DPP-4 Agonist

• GLP-1 Agonist

• DDP-4 Inhibitor

• GIP Inhibitor

What two enzymes are activated by insulin in the liver and what do they do?

• Thyroid Peroxidase, calcitonin; Increase Incretin Production

• Helicase, topoisomerase; Increase transcription of hepatic insulin

• Hexokinase, glucokinase; phosphorylate glucose into G6P

• Glucocorticoid, mineralcoritioid; increase cortisol production

True or False: Insulin increase gluconeogenesis in the liver

• True

• False

How does glucose enter the liver? (Two answers)

• Through insulin-dependent GLUT4 receptors

• Through insulin independent GLUT2 receptors

• Down the glucose concentration gradient towards low [glucose]

• Down the sodium concentration gradient towards low [sodium]

An infant born to a mother with gestational diabetes will: (Multiple Answers)

• Have macrosomia (FAT BABY)

• Be hypoglycemic

• Have high levels of circulating insulin

• Have low levels of circulating glucagon