Astronomy Review, Sections 3 and 4

Based on this image, what type of plate boundary is depicted, and what word should go in the blue boxes?

• Convergent boundary, geosphere. This boundary is two plates hitting against one another.
  

• Transform boundary, lithosphere. This boundary is two plates drifting apart from one another.

• Convergent boundary, lithosphere. This boundary is two plates hitting against one another.

• Transform boundary, geosphere. This boundary is two plates rubbing against one another.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

Mara takes a sample of the atmosphere (sample 1) and another sample of water (2), in order to study the chemical compositions of both. What is TRUE about the two samples?

• The atmosphere sample is made largely of hydrogen and oxygen, whereas sample 2 is made of nitrogen and oxygen.

• Sample 1 is denser than sample 2.

• Sample 1 was taken from the hydrosphere.

• The denser sample 2 contains less nitrogen than sample 1.
  

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Howard is trying to explain what happened for there to be oxygen in our atmosphere. He comes across four possible explanations. Which one of these is the most accurate?

• Meteors that contained oxygen as one of their constituents crashed on Earth while it was forming, causing us to have oxygen.

• After the Iron Catastrophe, differentiation occurred. At this point, there was already oxygen in Earth, but it only rose to the surface during differentiation, creating our atmosphere.

• Convergent tectonic plates in early Earth created volcanoes, which expelled oxygen as one of their byproducts.

• Cyanobacteria evolved as a primary organism on Earth, and one of their byproducts was oxygen.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-6

Reorder the following events. 1 is the one that occurred first, 5 is the most recent one.

• Accretion

• Cyanobacteria

• The Oxygen Catastrophe

• The Iron Catastrophe

• Volcanic Outgassing

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Dawn claims that a new solar system has been formed, exactly the same as ours was. However, one part of this process was different, and changed the end product. Select the option that makes the most sense.

• Cyanobacteria did not evolve on any of the planets, and so while there is a rich atmosphere, it does not contain a large amount of oxygen.

• Meteors did not crash on any of the planets, and because of this, none of them have water.

• Their star is a red dwarf star, provided more heat than our sun, and therefore more planets are rocky.

• The nebula was too small, and because of this, absolutely no moons formed during the process of accretion. Planets, however, still formed.

What is the best estimate of the density of this rock? Assume that the rock has a mass of 100 g.

• 10 mL

• 30 mL

• 10 g/cm³

• 30 g/cm³

Our sun is a yellow dwarf star, meaning it is low-mass. Which of the following things will NOT happen to it?

• After it runs out of fuel, it will expand, eating Mercury and Venus, and getting suspiciously close to Earth. This is called becoming a red giant.

• It will explode into a supernova, allowing it to eventually form planets and moons out of the debris.

•  A planetary nebula will be created after it shrinks back down, after being a red giant.

• It dies a black dwarf.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

Glenna lives in a beautiful town. She often experiences earthquakes, and there is a large mountain range near her home. What could you say is true, based on this information?

• There is a transform boundary near Glenna’s home, causing the frequent earthquakes.

• The oil industry would thrive there, unfortunately, because she must live in the middle of a tectonic plate.

• Glenna probably lives by a divergent boundary, causing her home level to be lower than that of the mountains.

• Glenna likely lives near a convergent boundary, which has caused the creation of the mountain range.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

Which of the following is FALSE?

• Differentiation happened early in Earth’s formation, causing most of the iron to sink down to the core.

• Earth’s crust and mantle have significantly less silica and iron than the core does.

• Differentiation occurred after banded iron formations were formed.

• Banded iron formations were formed by the oxidization of iron during the Great Oxygen Catastrophe

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-6

1. Annie is having lunch by the side of the road when an ambulance drives by. When it is approaching her, to Annie will the pitch seem…?

• Higher than it will be when passing her.

• Lower than it will be when passing her.

• The pitch will not change.

• There is not enough information to tell.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-1