CogPsych Day 1 Quiz

What is the debate that explores the influence of genetics and environmental factors on personality, thoughts, and behavior?

• a. Nature vs. Nurture

• b. Dualism vs. Monism

• c. Genotype vs. Phenotype

• d. Heritability vs. Environment

What does the term "genotype" refer to in the lecture?

• a. The physical expression of a trait

• b. The cumulative experiences and learned behaviors

• c. The set of genes responsible for a trait

• d. The environmental influences on personality

Which type of twins share 100% of their genetic similarity?

• a. Monozygotic twins

• b. Dizygotic twins

• c. Identical twins

• d. Fraternal twins

In the context of twin studies, what is "heritability"?

• a. An estimate of how much of a trait is due to genetic differences

• b. An estimate of how much of a trait is due to environmental factors

• c. The measurement of physical characteristics

• d. The study of gene-environment interactions

What is "assortative mating"?

• a. When individuals with dissimilar phenotypes mate frequently

• b. When individuals with similar phenotypes mate frequently

• c. When twins have different genotypes

• d. When parents avoid passing on certain genes to their children

What is "passive gene-environment correlation"?

• a. The genotype and environment come from different sources

• b. Children's environments partly react to their behavior

• c. Genes and environment come from the same sources: parents

• d. The environment is chosen by the child consciously

What does "mind-body dualism" propose?

• a. The mind and body are two distinct elements, and the mind is non-physical.

• b. The mind is a product of brain activity.

• c. The body is a vessel for the mind to experience the physical world.

• d. The mind reduces to physical brain processes.

Who is considered the main proponent of Cartesian Dualism, as mentioned in the lecture?

• a. William James

• b. Sigmund Freud

• c. René Descartes

• d. Plato

Why is it challenging to generate multi-level accounts of behavior?

• a. Different brain regions have simple, linear functions.

• b. The relationship between neural activity and behaviour is always straightforward.

• c. Genetic studies can explain behavior entirely.

• d. Behavioral, genetic, and neurological factors interact dynamically.

Which method has traditionally been used to study cognition because it provides accurate indicators of performance?

• a. Functional brain imaging

• b. Neuropsychological studies

• c. Virtual lesions using TMS

• d. Behavioural measures