Research Methods and Experimental Designs (Draft)

What is the purpose of an experiment?

• To establish a primary cause and effect relationship

• To manipulate and control confounding variables

• To test the validity of a hypothesis

• To measure extraneous variables

What is the variable that researchers systematically use, manipulate, and control in an experiment?

• Confounding Variable

• Extraneous Variable

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

Which type of variable has an unintentional and undetermined effect on the dependent variable?

• Confounding Variable

• Extraneous Variable

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

Which type of variable could affect the dependent variable but can be controlled by the experimenter?

• Confounding Variable

• Extraneous Variable

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

What are demand characteristics in an experiment?

• Features of the experimental situation that give away the aims and cause participants to change their behavior

• Variables that can be controlled by the experimenter

• Individual differences between participants that could affect their behavior

• The consequences of participating in a study more than once

What is the purpose of random allocation in an experiment?

• To reduce the effect of confounding variables

• To control demand characteristics

• To eliminate participant variables

• To overcome order effects

What are order effects in an experiment?

• The consequences of participating in a study more than once

• The unintentional and undetermined effects of confounding variables

• The effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable

• The features of the experimental situation that give away the aims

What is the purpose of counterbalancing in a repeated measures design?

• To reduce the effect of confounding variables

• To control demand characteristics

• To eliminate participant variables

• To overcome order effects

What is the purpose of standardization in an experiment?

• To reduce the effect of confounding variables

• To control demand characteristics

• To eliminate participant variables

• To ensure consistency and control in the procedure

What is the extent to which a procedure would produce the same results with the same people on each occasion?

• Reliability

• Validity

• Generalizability

• Ecological validity