Water and its Importance

What are some unique qualities of water?

• High heat capacity, ability to dissolve and transport substances, transparency to light, and expansion when freezing

• Low heat capacity, inability to dissolve and transport substances, opacity to light, and contraction when freezing

• High heat capacity, inability to dissolve and transport substances, transparency to light, and contraction when freezing

• Low heat capacity, ability to dissolve and transport substances, opacity to light, and expansion when freezing

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What percentage of the Earth's hydrosphere is freshwater?

• 2.5%

• 5%

• 10%

• 20%

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How is water naturally recycled through Earth's systems?

• Precipitation, runoff, groundwater flow, evaporation, and transpiration

• Precipitation, runoff, groundwater flow, condensation, and infiltration

• Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and transpiration

• Evaporation, condensation, infiltration, groundwater flow, and transpiration

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What are some potential sources of water for communities?

• Surface-water bodies, groundwater aquifers, and artificial reservoirs

• Surface-water bodies, underground caves, and natural springs

• Underground rivers, glaciers, and desalination plants

• Lakes, oceans, and rainwater harvesting systems

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How can the threat to community water supplies be reduced?

• Conservation, land protection in watershed areas, and prevention of water contamination

• Increased water usage, deforestation in watershed areas, and water pollution

• Construction of dams, extraction of groundwater, and discharge of wastewater

• Urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural expansion

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What can prolonged drought potentially cause?

• Decreased water flow, increased evaporation, and lower water table

• Increased water flow, decreased evaporation, and higher water table

• Increased infiltration, decreased runoff, and higher water table

• Decreased infiltration, increased runoff, and lower water table

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Where is the majority of Earth’s water found?

• Rivers

• Oceans

• Lakes

• Glaciers

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The unique qualities of water that make it critical to the functioning of Earth’s systems include:

• The fact that frozen water is denser than liquid water.

• Water’s ability to store large quantities of heat.

• The fact that water exists on Earth’s surface only in liquid form.

• Its presence primarily as freshwater on Earth’s surface.

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Most water vapor enters the atmosphere through which processes?

• Melting and freezing

• Sublimation and deposition

• Evaporation and transpiration

• Condensation and precipitation

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Figure 2.20 shows a model of the water cycle. The arrows show the

movement of water molecules and the circled numbers represent the

processes that occur at each stage.

Match each water cycle process in the list below with a number from

Figure 2.20.

• 7

• transpiration

• 1

• evaporation

• 6

• infiltration

• 5

• surface runoff

• 4

• precipitation

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