What caused more people to work in factories?

• Factory work was easy

• The conditions were safer

• New machines made factory work common

• A shift in climate made farming too difficult

Why did streetcars, department stores, and skyscrapers become more common?

• To convince farmers to move to the city

• To impress visitors considering immigration

• To meet the needs of a growing population

• To counter the increase in poverty

By making the Standard Oil Company a trust, what was John D. Rockefeller able to do?

• Buy a lot of stock in other companies

• Perform the Bessemer process

• Discredit muckrakers

• Remain profitable during a recession

What was the goal of progressivism?

• To protect the environment through politics

• To fix social problems through reform

• To increase prosperity through economics

• To improve lives through technology

How did industrialization and technology change the labor force in the late 1800s?

• Unskilled and low-skilled workers accounted for half of the labor force

• The labor force changed from independent, skilled craftspeople to low-skilled machine workers

• More people became managers and small business owners

• More people worked in farms and factories than in offices

Why did the Americanization movement occur in the 20th century and not the 19th century?

• In the early 1900s, laws preventing immigration from many countries were finally repealed, causing an increase in immigration populations

• Prior to the 1870s, most immigrants were very similar to Americans because they came from the countries that originally colonized America

• The Civil War caused people to recognize the importance of unity, so conformity was encouraged

• Americans did not have a real sense of identity until the late 1800s

Which of the following factors led to the increase of workers' buying power?

• Work hours decreased, providing workers with more leisure time to be consumers

• Workers moved to urban areas where stores and other businesses were abundant

• Increased productivity caused a surplus of goods, which lowered prices

• Women entered the workforce, increased the number of consumers in the country

Which of the following factors limited city size prior to the Industrial Revolution?

• Before vaudeville became popular, there was little reason to leave the countryside in favor of the city

• Before the Bessemer process was developed, there was little demand for workers in cities

• Before factories were widespread, there was a desire for children to attend country schools

• Before railroads became common, there was no way to efficiently bring in food and supplies for a large population

The case of Munn v. Illinois could best be described as a conflict between which two groups or ideas?

• Federal government and private companies

• Corporations and trusts

• Social Darwinism and social equity

• Robber barons and muckrakers

How did the AFL differ from the Knights of Labor?

• The AFL focused more on economic gains, such as better wages, benefits, and working conditions, than on social reform

• The Knights of Labor supported violent protest, while the AFL sought to negotiate with government and business leaders

• The Knights of Labor focused on organizing national strikes, while the AFL focused on smaller gains at the local level

• The AFL focused on steel and railroad workers, while the Knights of Labor focused on factory workers