Self-Efficacy Development in Education

According to Bandura, what are the 4 primary sources of self-efficacy?

• Enactive experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasions, and physiological and affective states

• Reading, writing, math, and science

• Teachers, parents, peers, and mentors

• Success, failure, effort, and luck

How can educators support self-efficacy development in learners?

• Reflect on successes and emphasize progress

• Provide scaffolded support when the learning curve is steep

• Encourage constructive self-talk

• All of the above

What is one way educators can help learners who struggle?

• Shield them from failure and mistakes

• Provide unattainable goals to challenge them

• Acknowledge their effort and growth

• Focus on their deficits and weaknesses

Why is it important for educators to provide diverse models of success?

• To create competition among learners

• To highlight the achievements of others

• To reinforce stereotypes and biases

• To expand learners' notion of what is possible

What should educators consider when providing feedback to support self-efficacy?

• Be specific, sincere, and not overly critical

• Sugar-coat feedback to protect students' egos

• Focus on deficits and weaknesses

• Avoid giving feedback altogether

How can educators help learners who experience impostor feelings?

• Reinforce their feelings of fraudulence

• Remind them that they don't belong

• Emphasize their capabilities and qualifications

• Ignore their impostor feelings

What can educators do to support learners under stereotype threat?

• Highlight students' achievements and express belief in their abilities

• Reinforce harmful stereotypes through their own biases

• Create a competitive learning environment

• Ignore social identity-threatening interactions

Why is it important for educators to normalize the struggle in learning?

• To make learning more difficult for students

• To discourage students from seeking help

• To prevent catastrophic thinking and negative emotions

• To reinforce the idea that learning should be easy

What should educators do when learners' self-efficacy is too high or too low?

• Ignore the issue and let learners figure it out on their own

• Encourage overconfidence to boost motivation

• Help learners calibrate their self-efficacy and skill

• Reinforce learners' self-doubt to prevent complacency

How can educators support learners' self-efficacy in a technology-mediated world?

• Focus solely on academic subject areas

• Encourage competition among learners

• Help learners develop social and technological systems

• Minimize the use of technology in education