CHAPTER 1_ELE232_PART1

Atomic structure contains three (3) basic particles which are:

• Proton

  Neutron

  Atoms

• Protons

  Nucleus

  Electrons

• Protons

  Electrons

  Neutrons

• Proton

  Electrons

  Ions

Define the Ionization Process

• Process of a neutral atom loosing electrons to become positive ion or gaining electrons to become negative ion

• Valence electrons that can excites from valence band to conduction band and become free electrons

• A process where free electrons loses its energy and falls back into a hole in valence band

Number of electrons in each shells/orbits can be calculated using the formula of:

• Ne = 2n³

• Ne = 2n²

• Ne = 2n¹

• 1) Does not conduct current

• 2) Has 5-8 Valence Electrons

• Conductor

• Semiconductor

• Insulator

1) Has 4 valence electrons

2) Silicon, Germanium, Carbon

• Conductor

• Semiconductor

• Insulator