Chapter 7 adaptive quizzing

Which of the following is a product (as opposed to a substrate) of at least one of the processes of cellular respiration?

• Glucose

• Water

• Oxygen

How did the earliest organisms on Earth most likely produce ATP?

• by oxidative phosphorylation

• by the citric acid cycle

• by pyruvate oxidation

• 
  by glycolysis

Which best describes how ATP synthase converts the potential energy of the proton gradient to the chemical energy of ATP?

• Kinetic energy from the flow of protons is converted to the kinetic energy of rotation of the F_o subunit; the rotation of the F_o subunit leads to rotation of the F₁ subunit, which can then catalyze ATP synthesis.

• Kinetic energy from the flow of protons through the F₀ subunit reduces the F₁ subunit, which allows ADP to be oxidized to ATP.

• Kinetic energy from the flow of protons through the F₀ subunit oxidizes the F₁ subunit, which allows ADP to be reduced to ATP.

• Kinetic energy from the flow of protons is stored in a new electrochemical gradient within the F₀ subunit. The potential energy of the electrochemical gradient, in turn, is converted to kinetic energy in the F₁ subunit and used to catalyze ATP synthesis.

In the absence of oxygen, fermentation:

• regenerates NAD⁺ from the reduction of pyruvate.

• generates ATP from the reduction of pyruvate.

• generates ATP from the oxidation of pyruvate.

• regenerates NAD⁺ from the oxidation of pyruvate.

• regenerates NADH from the reduction of pyruvate.

During the citric acid cycle, the production of CO₂ is the result of the _____ of intermediate compounds of the citric acid cycle coupled to the production of _____.

• oxidation; NADH

• reduction; ATP

• oxidation; ATP

• 
  reduction; NADH

• oxidation; GTP

During the action of ATP synthase, the _____ energy of the proton gradient is transformed into _____ energy of the F₁ subunit, and this is converted into _____ energy of chemical bonds in ATP.

• potential; kinetic; kinetic

• potential; kinetic; potential

• kinetic; potential; potential

• potential; potential; kinetic

• kinetic; kinetic; potential

In pyruvate oxidation, the electron donor is _____ and the electron acceptor is _____.

• NAD⁺; pyruvate

• NAD⁺; NADH

• acetyl-CoA; NADH

• pyruvate; NAD⁺

• NADH; acetyl-CoA

Which statement is true regarding triacylglycerols?

• Like glycogen, triacylglycerols are stored primarily in the liver.

• Each molecule of triacylglycerol yields less ATP than a molecule of glucose.

• The fatty acids from triacylglycerols are metabolized by glycolysis.

• 
  ATP is derived from triacylglycerols, mostly from substrate-level phosphorylation.

• The fatty acids from triacylglycerols are broken down to generate acetyl-CoA.

Tracing the metabolism of one glucose molecule, how many carbon atoms are fully oxidized to CO₂ at the completion of glycolysis?

• 3

• 4

• 2

• 1

• 0

An important aspect of biology is that many proteins are used in several different processes. Which of the following protein complexes is used in both the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle?

• complex II

• complex I

• complex III

• complex IV

• 
  ATP synthase