Eyewitness Testimony and Deductive Reasoning

What is the purpose of deductive reasoning in solving crimes?

• To gather evidence from eyewitness testimony

• To make assumptions based on facts

• To make logical connections between observations

• To draw conclusions from assumptions

Answer explanation

Deductive reasoning in solving crimes is about making logical connections between observations. It's not primarily about drawing conclusions from assumptions, nor about gathering evidence from eyewitness testimony or making assumptions based on facts. Rather, it involves piecing together different observations in a logical way to form a coherent picture of what might have happened during the crime.

What is the purpose of maintenance rehearsal in short-term memory?

• To increase the duration of short-term memory

• To transfer information to long-term memory

• To increase the capacity of short-term memory

• To improve observation skills

Answer explanation

Maintenance rehearsal in short-term memory serves to increase the duration of that memory. The primary function is not to transfer the information to the long-term memory, increase its capacity, or improve observation skills. Instead, it sustains the information in the short-term memory by repetitive rehearsal.

What is the purpose of long-term memory?

• To focus on important information

• To store information for long periods of time

• To temporarily store information

• To retain exact images of sensory information

Answer explanation

The question asks about the purpose of long-term memory. The answer is that it is used to store information for longer periods of time. This means that it retains information beyond what short-term memory can hold. This is what differentiates it from other options such as temporary storage or retaining exact sensory images.

What is the purpose of sensory memory?

• To retain exact images of sensory information

• To temporarily store information

• To focus on important information

• To store information for long periods of time

Answer explanation

Sensory memory corresponds to very short-term memories about perceptions from our senses, such as sight and sound. Its purpose is to retain exact, albeit fleeting, images of sensory information. This allows us to perceive the world as a continuous stream, despite the fact that our sensory input can be quite intermittent.

During a study session, John is trying to remember a concept he just learned. Which stage of memory is he using, also known as 'working memory'?

• Long-term memory

• Sensory memory

• Short-term memory

• Retrieval memory

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence eyewitness identification and memory?

• Prior knowledge

• Number of eyewitnesses

• Length of time since the event

• Emotional state

Answer explanation

The number of eyewitnesses does not influence an individual's eyewitness identification and memory. Factors such as prior knowledge, the length of time since the event, and the individual's emotional state at the time of the event are known to influence eyewitness identification and memory. But the number of other eyewitnesses present does not affect an individual's personal memory of the event.

Robby is a detective trying to improve his observation skills. Which of the following is NOT a strategy he should use?

• Jumping to conclusions

• Taking notes and photographs at the crime scene

• Using all five senses to gather information

• Making connections to prior knowledge and cases

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following is NOT a stage of memory?

• Observation

• Storage

• Retrieval

• Encoding

What is the term for when expectations about an event lock your mind into a pattern?

• Inattentional blindness

• Wearing blinders

• The power of expectations

• The illusion of knowing

Answer explanation

The term for when expectations about an event lock your mind into a pattern is referred to as 'The power of expectations'. This essentially means that your cognitive processes are conditioned to follow certain patterns based on your expectations, often leading to a fixed mindset and perception.

What was the name of the officer who was convicted of obstructing justice in the Officer Cox and Conley case?

• Officer Johnson

• Officer Conely

• Officer Cox

• Officer Smith