APES: Chapter 3 Ecosystems

The percentage of usable energy transferred as biomass from one trophic level to another is known as

• gross primary productivity

• ecological efficiency

• net primary productivity

• energy flow

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Which of the following biogeochemical cycles includes long-term storage in rocks and a short storage time in the atmosphere?

• sulfur cycle

• phosphorous cycle

• nitrogen cycle

• carbon cycle

When ammonia is taken up by plants, dissolved by water, or remains in the soil to be converted to nitrates, it is known as

• ammonification

• nitrogen fixation

• nitrification

• denitrification

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A generalized pyramid energy flow has only a 10% efficiency, while 90% of the energy is lost to the environment as heat. This phenomenon is explained by

• the law of conservation of matter.

• the first law of thermodynamics.

• the second law of thermodynamics.

• the theory of natural selection.

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The total of all of the different species that live in a certain area is called a(n)

• population

• ecosystem

• community

• biosphere

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The hydrologic cycle is driven primarily by

• lunar tides

• solar energy

• oceanic heat

• methane gas

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Complex feeding patterns for consumers in an ecosystem are called

• dichotomous keys

• food plates

• phylogenetic diagrams

• food webs

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All physical forms of water (solid, liquid, and gas) make up the

• atmosphere

• geosphere

• biosphere

• hydrosphere

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The very necessary process of breaking down the dead bodies or wastes from organisms is a function of

• autotrophs

• heterotrophs

• decomposers

• detritivores

In a range of tolerance, each population has a point beyond which no member of the population can live. This area beyond the ability to tolerate the conditions is called the

• optimum range.

• zone of intolerance.

• zone of tolerance.

• zone of physiological stress.

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