Properties of Matter

The diagram shows atoms in two different states. Which statement best compares the motion of atoms in A and B?

• Atoms in A will move less than in B, because A is a solid and B is a gas.

• Atoms in A will move more than in B, because A is a gas and B is a solid.

• Atoms in A will move faster than in B, because A is a solid and B is a gas.

• Atoms in A will move slower than in B, because A is a gas and B is a solid.

Micah placed chunks of chocolate in a double boiler to melt for candy making. How did the addition of thermal energy affect the chocolate?

• It caused the molecules in the chocolate to gain energy and move closer together as the chocolate went from solid to liquid.

• It caused the molecules in the chocolate to lose energy and move closer together as the chocolate went from liquid to solid.

• It caused the molecules in the chocolate to lose energy and move away from each other as the chocolate went from liquid to solid.

• It caused the molecules in the chocolate to gain energy and move away from each other as the chocolate went from solid to liquid.

Atoms and molecules are constantly in motion. The more kinetic energy atoms or molecules have, the faster they move about. In which state of matter do the atoms and molecules have the least kinetic energy?

• in a gas

• in a solid

• in a liquid

• in plasma

The graph below displays the temperature and volume of a sample of a gas. What does the graph show?

• The volume and temperature of the gas are not related.

• As the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases.

• If the temperature of a gas doubles, then its volume will also double.

• As the volume of the gas increases, its temperature decreases.

The graph shows the relationship between mass and volume. What is the density of an object that has a volume of 600 milliliters (mL)?

• 0.001 g/mL

• 0.01 g/mL

• 0.1 g/mL

• 1.0 g/mL

Justin accidentally spilled a sugary sports drink on his coin collection. After he dried the coins, they were covered in a sticky layer of sugar. Justin tried to separate the sugar from the coins by soaking the coins cold water. How could Justin remove the sugar from the coins faster?

• add ice to the water

• use hot water instead of cold water

• soak the coins in the sports drink instead of water

• scrape the sugar off each coin instead of soaking them

Four students each prepare a cup of coffee. The students use similar amounts of brewed coffee, sugar, and cold milk. Which student uses the method that will dissolve the sugar in the coffee the fastest?

• Student 1

• Student 2

• Student 3

• Student 4

A solubility curve for potassium nitrate (KNO₂) is shown. According to the graph, what is the maximum approximate mass of KNO₂ that would dissolve at 60°C and what is the relationship between temperature and solubility?

• The mass is approximately 140 g: increased temperatures lead to a decrease in solubility.

• The mass is approximately 110 g: increased temperatures lead to an increase in solubility.

• The mass is approximately 140 g: increased temperatures lead to an increase in solubility.

• The mass is approximately 110 g: increased temperatures lead to a decrease in solubility.

Predict what would happen if you drink a basic solution like Alka-Seltzer for your upset stomach.

• It raises the pH of the acid in the stomach.

• It lowers the pH of the acid in the stomach.

• It changes the function of your stomach.

• It cleanses the stomach.

A mass of gas is enclosed in a rigid container. What will occur if the velocity of the gas molecules colliding with the sides of the container increases?

• The pressure of the gas will increase.

• The density of the gas will increase.

• The pressure of the gas will decrease.

• The density of the gas will decrease.