DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis Test

What is the term for the diffusion of WATER across a semipermeable membrane?

• osmosis
• equilibrium
• transport
• isotonic

A body cell in an organism develops a DNA mutation. This beneficial mutation causes production of a more efficient enzyme for digestion. Where will the mutation be found over time?

• in the organism only
• in the organism’s immediate offspring only
• in the organism and its immediate offspring only
• in the organism, its offspring, and all its direct descendants

If a gene for a protein suffers a base-pair substitution, which will be the MOST LIKELY result when the gene is expressed?

• A frame shift will occur, and different proteins will be produced.
• The protein produced may be nonfunctioning or shortened.
• The protein’s function will not be affected in any significant way.
• The mRNA strand produced during transcription will be longer.

The substitution of adenine for thymine in a certain human gene causes the genetic disorder Sickle cell anemia. However, if the thymine nucleotide is removed from the gene altogether it causes a lethal mutation. Why is a deletion mutation such as this, more serious than a nucleotide substitution?

• Deletion mutations can cause entire chromosomes and all of the genes on them to be lost
• A nucleotide deletion causes a frame-shift mutation which causes the codons to be incorrectly grouped, producing an incorrect amino acid sequence
• The deletion of a nucleotide causes the process of translation to stop at the point of the deletion
• Substitution mutations can only be lethal if a purine is substituted for pyrimidine, or vice versa.

Given a DNA strand of gga-ctc-ctc-ttc-aga, if it becomes gga-ctc-ctc-tta-cag-a, this is an example of

• substitution mutation
• insertion mutation
• deletion mutation
• nondisjunction

A mutation of DNA by the addition or removal of a single nitrogen-containing base is known as a _____________ mutation which shifts the rest of the DNA sequence.

• substitution
• crossing over
• inversion
• frameshift

Because of the base pairing rule in DNA, the percentage of:

• Adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules
• Thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules
• Adenine molecules in DNA is greater than the percentage of thymine molecules
• Cytosine molecules in DNA is greater than the percentage of guanine molecules

In DNA replication the result is two DNA molecules that have:

• Each with two new strands
• One with two new strands and the other with two original strands
• Each with one new strand and one original strand
• Each with two original strands

Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?

• Phosphate group, guanine and cytosine
• Ribose, phosphate group, and guanine
• Deoxyribose, phosphate group, and adenine
• Phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine

Which nitrogen base distinguishes a DNA strand from a RNA strand?

• Uracil
• Guanine
• Cytosine
• Adenine