APEH U1 Exam Review 23/24

The Medici Family

• Ruled Florence during the Renaissance, became wealthy from banking. Known for patronage, specifically of the arts and humanist literature.
• A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
• An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
• emphasis on nature, secular, big in Northern Renaissance

Patronage

• A mapmaker and explorer who said that America was a new continent, so America was named after him.
• Famous Northern Renaissance artist, he often used woodcutting along with Italian Renaissance techniques like proportion, perspective and modeling. (Knight Death, and Devil; Four Apostles)
• Act of using one's wealth to increase their prestige by paying for the creation of art and spread of humanist ideas
• development in the Renaissance that included realistic three-dimensional perspective

joint-stock company

• emphasis on nature, secular, big in Northern Renaissance
• Spread of diseases decimated native population; made it easier for conquistadors but made encomienda less effective
• The union of the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile; The conquest of Granada, the last Muslim state in the Iberian Peninsula; The forced conversion or expulsion of Muslims and Jews; Christopher Columbus to America
• A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts; dividends

Albrecht Durer

• A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
• Emerges because of Consolidated power from New Monarchs
• Famous Northern Renaissance artist, he often used woodcutting along with Italian Renaissance techniques like proportion, perspective and modeling. (Knight Death, and Devil; Four Apostles)
• the technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms; used to create perspective

Albrecht Durer, Self-Portrait, 1500

• Deliberately christ-like; Represents face of artist as creator, not as craftsman; Master of oil, woodcut, engraving; Remembered for prints
• Act of using one's wealth to increase their prestige by paying for the creation of art and spread of humanist ideas
• As a part of increasing your share of trade, mercantilists are very supportive of colonization
• A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts; dividends

Themes of Renaissance Art

• -individualism; secularism; classicism; nature; anatomy; linear perspective (3D); realism; use of light and shade for depth; Use of color to create depth; symmetry
• development in the Renaissance that included realistic three-dimensional perspective
• Spread of diseases decimated native population; made it easier for conquistadors but made encomienda less effective
• An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Naturalism in Art

• A mapmaker and explorer who said that America was a new continent, so America was named after him.
• emphasis on nature, secular, big in Northern Renaissance
• Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.
• Correlates with increase in literacy rates and a decrease in the price and quality of paper

perspective in art

• A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
• development in the Renaissance that included realistic three-dimensional perspective
• Deriving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture; implies formality, objectivity, simplicity, and restraint.
• A mapmaker and explorer who said that America was a new continent, so America was named after him.

Chiaroscuro

• A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
• development in the Renaissance that included realistic three-dimensional perspective
• The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth.
• A mapmaker and explorer who said that America was a new continent, so America was named after him.

Sfumato

• Led to dissemination of the Bible to everyone, and spread of Biblical translations into the vernacular
• Ruled Florence during the Renaissance, became wealthy from banking. Known for patronage, specifically of the arts and humanist literature.
• The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth.
• the technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms; used to create perspective