Logical Fallacies

An argument that can be disproven through reasoning is -

Attacking someone personally instead of attacking his/her argument.

• Ad Hominem

• Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

• Appeal to Authority

• Straw Man

Claiming something is true because the majority of people believe it.

• Straw Man

• Appeal to popular belief

• False Dilemma

• Appeal to Common Practice

Creating a distorted or simplified caricature of your opponent's argument, and then arguing against that.

Claiming something is true because it's commonly practiced.

• Appeal to Popular Belief

• Straw Man

• Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

• Appeal to Common Practice

Assuming a relatively small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (negative) events.

• Slippery Slope

• Red Herring

• False Dilemma

• Appeal to Popular Belief

Presenting two opposing options as the only two options while hiding alternatives.

Introducing irrelevant material to the argument to distract and lead towards a different conclusion.

• Straw Man

• Red Herring

• Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

• Appeal to Authority

Claiming that because one event followed another, it was also caused by it.

• Appeal to Common Practice

• Straw Man

• Red Herring

• Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

Claiming something is true because an 'expert', whether qualified or not, says it is.

• Appeal to Authority

• Appeal to Common Place

• Slippery Slope

• False Dilemma