America's Cultural Roots

How would climate change have affected Paleo-Indians' way of life?

• The extinction of large mammals forced them to seek other sources of food.

• Climate change did not affect Paleo-Indians' way of life.

• Paleo-Indians migrated to other regions unaffected by climate change.

• Paleo-Indians adapted to climate change by developing advanced farming techniques.

What kind of evidence about the Anasazis' way of life does this photograph provide?

• They lived in settled communities and practiced agriculture.

• They were nomadic hunters and gatherers.

• They had advanced trading networks with other civilizations.

• They were skilled warriors and engaged in frequent conflicts.

How did American Indians in the Southwest adapt to the harsh geographic conditions exemplified by this photograph?

• by building irrigation canals

• by developing advanced hunting techniques

• by migrating to more hospitable regions

• by relying on trade with other tribes for survival

What conclusion about the empire of Mali ruler Mansa Musa is best supported by this excerpt?

  “Gold was at a high price in Egypt until [Mansa Musa’s caravan] came in that year. The mithqal did not go below 25 dirhams and was generally above, but from that time its value fell and it cheapened in price and has remained cheap till now. The mithqal does not exceed 22 dirhams or less. This has been the state of affairs for about twelve years until this day by reason of the large amount of gold which they brought into Egypt and spent there. …”

-Al-Umari , 1324

• It commanded greater wealth than other empires of its time.

• It was a small and insignificant empire.

• It was primarily focused on military conquest.

• It had no significant impact on the economy of Egypt.

How did life in European towns like the one shown here differ from life on feudal estates?

• It offered greater access to goods and ideas.

• It had a stronger social hierarchy.

• It relied more on agriculture.

• It had less political stability.

What does this Portuguese primary source map of India and other regions suggest about Portuguese attitudes in the 1500s?

• The Portuguese were fascinated by the unfamiliar regions that were opening up.

• The Portuguese were primarily interested in trade and resources.

• The Portuguese were focused on spreading Christianity.

• The Portuguese were seeking new territories for colonization.

What important Spanish goal is revealed in this excerpt from Christopher Columbus' journal?

 They should be good servants and intelligent, for I observed that they quickly took in what was said to them, and I believe that they would easily be made Christians, as it appeared to me that they had no religion. I, our Lord being pleased, will take hence, at the time of my departure six natives. . . .

—Journal of Christopher Columbus, October 1492

• To spread Christianity

• To find a new trade route to Asia

• To establish colonies for Spain

• To discover new lands for exploration

Which reason best explains why Columbus believed he had reached the East Indies?

• He mistook the islands he reached for islands off the Asian mainland.

• He had accurate navigational tools and maps.

• He had prior knowledge of the existence of the Americas.

• He encountered indigenous peoples who resembled Asians.

Amerigo Vespucci's explorations of South America had what effect on Europeans' knowledge of the globe?

• They now recognized South America as a continent.

• They discovered new trade routes to Asia.

• They confirmed the existence of a Northwest Passage.

• They expanded their understanding of the size of the Earth.

Which environmental change would most like encourage migration by land from Asia to the Americas?

• a decline in sea levels

• a decrease in the extent of glacial cover

• an increase in the strength of sea currents