U1: The Ancient Near East

the people who dominated southern mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium bce

• Akkadians

• Sumerians

• Assyrians

• Hittites

A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. a characteristic political form in early mesopotamia, archaic and classical greece, phoenicia, and early italy

Amorite ruler of Babylon (r 1792-1750 bce). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases

• Darius I

• Nebuchadnezzar

• Hammurabi

• Solomon

A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in mesopotamia and was used initally for sumerian and akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western asia. Literacy was confined to a relatively small group of administrators and scribes.

an ancient historical area in what is now iraq and surrounding areas, between the tigris and euphrates river

A people from central anatolia who established an empire in anatolia and syria in the late bronze age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, they vied with new kingdom egypt for control of syria-palestine before falling to unidentified attackers ca. 1200 bce.

An empire extending from western iran to syria-palestine, conquered by the assyrians of northern mesopotamia between the tenth and seventh centuries bce. They used force and terror and exploited the wealth and labor of their subjects. They also preserved and continued the cultural and scientific developments of mesopotamian civilization

Information, ideas, opinions, or images, often only giving one part of an argument, that are broadcast, published, or in some other way spread with the intention of influencing people's opinions

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term used (somewhat interchangably) to refer to the ancient _ people; descendants of the patriarch Abraham who inhabited the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the Jordan River in antiquity from the early 2nd millennium BCE (2000-1001); originally a loose collection of nomadic herders and caravan traffickers who became a sedentary, agricultural people devoted to a single, all-powerful deity

• Israelites

• Iranians

• Hebrews

• Jews

• Philistines

(c. 1800 BCE) Having rejected the idol worship practiced in his homeland of Ur, he migrated across the Syrian desert, eventually arriving in the land of Israel, which the Israelite God, Y-h-w-h, had promised to him and his descendants; recognized as the patriarch of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

• Saul

• Moses

• Abraham

• David