C2 Structure and Bonding

How are covalent bonds formed?

• atoms sharing protons

• the transfer of electrons

• atoms sharing electrons

• the transfer of protons

_ electrons are shared in a single covalent bond

_ electrons are shared in a double covalent bond

Between which kinds of atoms does covalent bonding occur?

What are the main types of covalent structure? (Select 2)

• small molecules

• giant crystals

• giant covalent network

• single atoms

Describe the structure and bonding of small molecules.

• large numbers of atoms with strong covalent bonds between the atoms

• small numbers of atoms with strong covalent bonds between the atoms and weak intermolecular forces between the molecules

• small numbers of atoms with weak covalent bonds between the atoms and weak intermolecular forces between the molecules

• small numbers of atoms with strong covalent bonds between the atoms and strong intermolecular forces between the molecules

In general what are the melting and boiling points of the two main types of covalent structure.

• Giant: low

  Small molecules: low

• Giant: low

  Small molecules: low

• Giant: high

  Small molecules: low

• Giant: high

  Small molecules: high

Explain why giant covalent covalent substances have high melting points.

• strong ionic bonds between atoms require a lot of energy to break

• strong covalent bonds between atoms require a lot of energy to break

• weak covalent bonds between atoms require a lot of energy to break

• weak ionic bonds between atoms require a lot of energy to break

Explain why small molecules have low melting points.

• weak forces between molecules require little energy to break

• weak forces between atoms require little energy to break

• weak covalent bonds between atoms require little energy to break

• weak ionic bonds between atoms require little energy to break