Charts

Is a graphical representation of the features of the Earth including details of the sea – both underwater and sea surface, coast and land which may be useful for the purpose of navigation

• Map

• Nautical Chart

• Vector chart      

• ECDIS

It emphasizes landforms and various geographic and cartographic products. Examples to this are road maps and atlases

• ECDIS   

• Nautical Chart

• Map

• ENC

It is only a reference guide for predetermined routes like roads and highways

•  ENC

• ECDIS

• Nautical Chart

• Map

Provide detailed information on hidden dangers to navigation

• Chart    

• Map

• Vector chart

• ECDIS

Is used by mariners to plot courses through open bodies of water and in areas of high-traffic density

• Map

• Chart    

• Vector chart

• ECDIS

Provides very detailed hydrographic data

• Vector chart      

• Map

• ECDIS

• Chart

What are the 3 types of chart projection

•  Gnomonic

• Projector Chart

• Polyconic

• Mercator

Also called a “Great Circle Chart. It is a geometrical projection in which surface features and the reference lines of the sphere are projected outward from the centre of the earth onto a tangent plane

• Gnomonic chart

•  Polyconic

• Mercator

• Projector Chart

Type of projection that great circle is drawn as a straight line & Rhumb lines cannot be drawn as straight lines

• Mercator

•  Polyconic

• Gnomonic chart

• Projector Chart

Type of chart projection in which each parallel is the base of a tangent cone. This projection is widely used particular for areas of large range in latitude and reasonably long range in longitude. This projection is rarely used in navigation

• Projector Chart

• Mercator chart

• Gnomonic chart

• Polyconic chart