Epidemiology Data Analysis

Epidemiology can be used to study:

• infectious diseases

• non-infectious diseases

• work-related accidents

• all are correct

Which of the following is INCORRECT relating to the graph above that shows the percentage of persons who are obese in different age groups in 1995, 2007–08 and 2011–12?

• 34% of people in the 55–64 age group were obese in 2011–12.

• The lowest percentage of people who are obese in all years are in the 18–24 age group.

• The percentage of people who are obese has increased from 1995 to 2012 in every age group.

• In 1995, 25% of the 65-74 age group were obese.

Which of the following would not be determined by an epidemiological study?

• The position of mutated genes on a chromosome.

• The cause of a disease and which populations are affected.

• Patterns in incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of disease.

• The effectiveness of strategies in place to treat/control disease.

Which option is an INCORRECT explanation as to the reason for the decrease in the percentage of people who are obese in the 75 years and over age group?

• There could be more people in this age group that are sick and therefore have a decreased appetite.

• The nutrition of people in this age group could be lacking due to lack of care and money.

• There is less opportunity and ability to exercise.

• People that have been obese have died before they reach this age due to diseases linked with obesity.

Which of the following is an INCORRECT trend show by the graph?

• The percentage of females who are obese in the Major cities is approximately 52%.

• The percentage of females who are obese is higher in the Inner Regional, Outer Regional and Remote areas than in the Major Cities.

• The percentage of males who are obese in the Regional and remote areas is 65%.

• The percentage of males who are obese is higher in the Inner Regional, Outer Regional and Remote areas than in the Major Cities.

Which statement INCORRECTLY explains for the results shown in the graph which shows the percentage of each gender in different areas for obesity?

• Mothers in the Inner regional, Outer regional and Remote areas have bigger babies than those in the Major Cities.

• Access to support services and medical treatment is much less accessible in Inner regional, Outer regional and Remote areas than in Major Cities.

• Residents in the Major Cities generally have a higher socio-economic status, leading to a greater ability to access most types of activities, including gyms, and follow a well-balanced diet.

• Residents in Inner regional, Outer regional and Remote areas are time poor leading to a lack of exercise and a greater dependence on take away food.

Which of the following statements best describes the treatment of non-infectious diseases?

• Some non-infectious diseases can be successfully treated while others have limited or no treatments.

• All non-infectious diseases can be successfully treated.

• There are no successful treatments for non-infectious diseases.

• Most genetic diseases can be successfully treated.

Which general statement could be made about the relationship between tumour thickness and the chance of survival from melanoma after five years?

• The thicker the tumour, the higher the chance of survival after five years.

• The thicker the tumour, the lower the chance of survival after five years.

• The thickness of the tumour does not affect the chance of survival from melanoma after five years.

• The thinner the tumour, the lower the chance of survival after five years.

 

Which of the following correctly describes ‘random errors’?

• Errors that are unpredictable and have an inconsistent effect on measurement within a study.

• Any process that causes a deviation of the results from what the true value should be.

• A systematic error that is also known as bias.

• Errors that incorrectly estimate the effect of exposure to a particular factor.

Which of the following options would NOT contribute to the validity of an epidemiological study?

• a large sample size

• a long period of study

• a scientifically valid questionnaire

• both groups in a cohort study exposed to risk factors