Chapter 2.2 - Cells

a process that requires energy to move against a concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration

• Centrioles
• Active Transport
• Citric Acid Cycle
• Passive Transport

short cylinders made of nine triplets of parallel microtubules

• Centrioles
• Channel Proteins
• Citric Acid Cycle
• Cytoplasm

molecules with a hollow central pore that allows water or small, charged particles of certain substances to pass into or out of the cells

• Cilia
• Channel Proteins
• Cytokinesis
• Golgi apparatus

hair-like projections that actively flex back and forth to move fluid or mucus across the outside of a cell

• Microvilli
• cilia
• Cytoskeleton
• Mitochondria

a chain of reactions, catalyzed by enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix, in which pyruvate is broken down into individual carbon atoms, which combine with oxygen molecules to make CO 2

• Citric Acid Cycle
• Codon
• Ribosomes
• Mitosis

a set of three bases in DNA or RNA that codes for one amino acid

• codon
• Nucleus
• Microvilli
• Glycoproteins

division of the cytoplasm during cell division

• Cytokinesis
• Cytoskeleton
• Cytoplasm
• Passive Transport

The part of the cell that contains all of the organelles inside the cell membrane except the nucleus

• Cytokinesis
• Cytoplasm
• Diffusion
• Endoplasmic Reticulum

a network of proteins that defines the shape of a cell and gives it mechanical strength

• Endocytosis
• Cytoskeleton
• Microvilli
• Glycosis

the movement of material from a place where it is concentrated to a place where it is less concentrated

• Active Transport
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)
• Glycolysis
• Diffusion