Chapter 43 Practice

Sensory receptors:

• transduce the energy of a stimulus into electrical signals

• are specialized neuron endings or specialized cells in close contact with neurons

• operate by opening or closing ion channels in the plasma membrane

• depolarize in response to a stimulus

• All of the above

Changes in blood pH can be detected by:

• interoceptors

• exteroceptors

• mechanoreceptors

• proprioceptors

• thermoreceptors

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How does a sensory receptor transport its message to the central nervous system? Arrange the following events in the correct order.

1. 1. action potential

2. 2. stimulus

3. 3. receptor potential

4. 4. transduction into electrical energy

• 1 → 3 → 4 → 2

• 2 → 1 → 4 → 3

• 2 → 4 → 3 → 1

• 4 → 1 → 3 → 2

• 3 → 1 → 4 → 2

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NGSS.MS-LS1-8

Sensory receptors perform which of the following functions?

• produce internal environmental stimulus

• convert stimulus energy to chemical energy

• maintain a constantly hyperpolarized plasma membrane

• produce a small amount of energy on a continual basis

• produce action potentials of varying amplitudes in response to stimuli of different intensities

Since all action potentials are essentially the same, how can one differentiate visual and auditory stimuli?

• The amplitude of each action potential is characteristic of the specific neuron transmitting it to the brain.

• The length of time each stimulus takes to travel to the brain for interpretation varies.

• Receptor potentials are graded.

• Each type of sensory receptor transmits its stimulus to a specific area of the brain for interpretation.

• None of the above

Which touch receptors of the skin are sensitive to deep pressure?

• Pacinian corpuscles

• Meissner corpuscles

• Merkel disks

• free nerve endings

• Ruffini corpuscles

The three main types of proprioceptors in humans that respond to tension and body movements are:

• the muscle spindles, mechanoreceptors, and thermoreceptors.

• mechanoreceptors, interoceptors, and lateral line organs.

• muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and joint receptors.

• lateral line organs, Golgi tendon organs, and mechanoreceptors.

• interoceptors, joint receptors, and lateral line organs.

A person can discriminate loud and soft sounds because a loud sound:

• is sent to a different area of the brain than a soft sound.

• produces a stronger action potential leading to the brain.

• stimulates a greater number of hair cells.

• stimulates the hair cells more intensely, increasing the frequency of impulses sent to the brain.

• has a different vibration frequency than that of soft sound.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-8

NGSS.MS-PS4-1

Which of the following statements is false?

• Taste receptors activate second messengers in the signal transduction process.

• Genetics plays a role in determining what a person tastes.

• Taste receptors can only detect chemicals that have been dissolved in saliva.

• Smell affects flavor because odors pass from mouth to the nasal cavity.

• If taste receptors are damaged, they are incapable of regeneration.

Which of the following is not true about the compound eyes of arthropods?

• they can usually adapt to different light intensities

• they can detect flickers up to a frequency of 200 or more per second

• they produce a composite image

• they are sensitive to UV light

• None of the above, all are true of compound eyes