Enlightenment Test

-set out his ideas in a work titled Leviathan.

-he argued that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish.

-If not strictly controlled, they would fight, rob, and oppress one another.

-To escape that “brutish” life, people entered into a social contract, an agreement by which they gave up the

state of nature for an organized society.

• -He believed that only a powerful government could ensure an orderly society.

• john locke

• Montesquieu

• thomas hobbes

• Voltaire

who are philosophers

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Cesar Beccaria

• -Among the towering musical figures of the era was Johann Sebastian Bach. A devout German Lutheran, Bach

• wrote complex and beautiful religious works for organ and choirs.

• -Another German-born composer, George Frederick Handel, spent much of his life in England.

• -In 1762, a six-year-old prodigy, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, burst onto the European scene to gain instant

• celebrity as a composer and performer.

• The rise of great britian

• Musical talents

• the arts

• enlightened despots

• -Two forms of art styles of the Enlightenment were baroque and rococo.

• -Baroque paintings were huge, colorful and full of excitement.

• The Arts

• The challenge of new ideas

• Musical talents

• enlightned despots

• -believed people were basically reasonable and moral.

• -Further, they had certain natural rights, or rights that belonged to all humans from birth. 

• -These included the right to life, liberty, and property.

• -then set out a radical idea. 

• A government, he said, has an obligation to the people it governs. 

• If a government fails its obligations or violates people’s natural rights, the people have the right to overthrow that government.

• thomas hobbes

• john locke

• Montesquieu

• Voltaire

-1748 he published The Spirit of the Laws.

• - In The Spirit of the Laws, he encouraged the idea of separation of powers—a foundation of modern democracy.

• -He had misunderstood the British system, which did not separate powers in this way.

• Montesquieu

• john locke

• thomas hobbes

• Voltaire

• Probably the most famous of the philosophes , French for lover of wisdom, was François-Marie Arouet.

• -“My trade,” he said , “is to say what I think.”

• -his outspoken attacks offended both the French government and the Catholic Church.

• He was imprisoned and forced into exile.

• john locke

• thomas hobbes

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

• The most controversial philosophe, was .....

• In 1762, he set forth his ideas about government and society in The Social Contract.

• he felt that society placed too many limitations on people’s behavior. 

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

• thomas hobbes

• Montesquieu

WHO ARE THE Philosophers?

• Niccolò Machiavelli

• Baroque

• Voltaire

• William Blackstone

• Baron de Montesquieu

Who are the philosphers

• Cesar Beccaria

• salon

• Jean-Jacque Rousseau

• Isaac Newton