Biology Unit 19 review

Match the following

• used to determine sample age comparing radioactive to nonradioactive isotopes of the same element

• paleontologist

• scientist who studies fossils

• plate tectonics

• used to determine age of fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers

• relative dating

• geologic processes, such as continental drift, volcanoes, and earthquakes, from plate movement

• radiometric dating

Match the following

• division of geologic time into which eras are subdivided

• period

• evolution of a species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time

• mass extinction

• distinctive fossil that is used to compare relative ages of the fossils

• gradualism

• event during which many species become extinct during a relatively short period of time

• index fossil

Match the following

• process by which 2 species evolve in response to changes in each other over time

• adaptive radiation

• single or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways

• eras

• proposes that eukaryotic cells formed in a symbiotic relationship among prokaryotic cells

• endosymbiotic theory

• major division of geologic time, usually divided into two or more periods

• coevolution

Sedimentary rocks usually form when layers of small particles are compressed

• in the atmosphere

• in a snow field

• in mountains

• under water

Using C-14 to analyze rock layers

• is a method of estimating absolute age

• is a method of estimating relative age

• can only be used on extremely ancient rock layers

• is impossible because rock layers do not contain carbon

Half-life is the time required for half the atoms in a radioactive sample to

• decay

• double

• expand

• be created

The process that produces similar-looking structures in unrelated groups of organisms is

• adaptive radiation

• coevolution

• convergent evolution

• geologic time

Cladograms that are based on the fossil record always shows

• which organisms are direct ancestors of the others

• relationships based on shared derived characteristics

• the clades are made up only of extinct species

• relative ages of organisms in the clad

Earth's early atmosphere contained little or no

• water vapor

• carbon dioxide

• nitrogen

• oxygen

In their experiment that modeled conditions on ancient Earth, Miller and Urey used electric sparks to simulate

• temperature

• sunlight

• atmospheric gases

• lightning