Homeostasis and Non-infectious disease

A healthy person in a hot environment measures their body temperature to be 38.0°C. Which of the following might occur in this person?

• Shivering

• Vasodilation

• Goosebumps

• Pale appearance

Some desert mammals can obtain their water from breaking down stored body fat. What type of adaptation is this?

• Behavioural

• Environmental

• Physiological

• Structural

Glucose levels are maintained by the hormones insulin and glucagon. Which statement best describes the changes in hormone levels of a healthy human soon after a high glucose meal?

• Insulin levels fall and glucagon levels rise.

• Insulin levels fall and glucagon levels fall.

• Insulin levels rise and glucagon levels fall.

• Insulin levels rise and glucagon levels rise.

The photographs show an open and a closed stomate on a leaf surface. When open, stomates allow water vapour to pass out of the leaf. Regulating stomates is a mechanism by which plants maintain water balance. Which of the following graphs best illustrates this homeostatic mechanism?

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What receptor detects changes in pH?

• Osmoreceptors

• Thermoreceptors

• Chemoreceptors

• Mechanoreceptors

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is:

• -70 mV

• -55 mV

• -20 mV

• 0 mV

A patient felt tired, weak and had a swollen neck. After following the doctor’s advice to eat more foods containing iodised salt, her symptoms disappeared. What was the most likely cause of the patient’s symptoms?

• Cancer

• Nutrient deficiency

• Genetic disorder

• Environmental exposure

Which is the most effective strategy for treating non-infectious diseases?

• Hygiene

• Quarantine

• Vaccination

• Pharmaceuticals

Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease that is caused by a mutation on:

• chromosome 7

• chromosome 3

• chromosome 21

• chromosome 12

Down syndrome is a genetic disease caused by a trisomy on:

• chromosome 7

• chromosome 21

• chromosome 12

• chromosome 2