Hypertension

This form of hypertension has no known cause. It is also the most common form of hypertension.

• Essential/primary hypertension

• Secondary hypertension

• Unknown Stage I hypertension

• Secondary/primary hypertension

This form of hypertension is caused by diseases, such as: Kidney disease, or an adverse effect of some medications.

• Primary/Essential hypertension

• Secondary hypertension

• Unknown hypertension

• prehypertension

Treatment for secondary hypertension consists of: Select all that apply

• Removing the cause

• remove Medications

• adrenal tumor

• Sleeping

Prolonged, untreated, and poorly controlled hypertension can lead to what disease?

• Diabetes

• Peripheral Vascular Disease

• Von WillieBrand Disease

• Lung Cancer

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) affects what other organs?

• brain

• heart

• eyes

• kidneys

Hypertrophy of the Left Ventricle can develop as the heart pumps against resistance caused by what condition?

• Orthostatic Hypotension

• A fib

• Hypotension

• Hypertension

Besides the obvious for prevention of hypertension, what other methods can contribute to hypertension? Select all that apply

• Stress

• Maintain a BMI of less than 30

• Maintain DM BS levels (I am lazy)

• Limit fat and sodium intake

Factors that affect Blood Pressure includes: Select all that apply

• Orthostatic hypertension

• ATHEROSCLEROSIS (Plaque build up)

• Tachycardia

• ARTERIOSCLEROSIS (Hardening of the arteries)

Answer explanation

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the legs or lower extremities is the narrowing or blockage of the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs. It is primarily caused by the buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, which is called atherosclerosis.

What function consists of Baroreceptors inside arteries cause changes in heartrate and changes to blood vessels (vasoconstriction or vasodilation) to control blood pressure. Select all that apply

• Sympathetic Nervous System

• Parasympathetic Nervous System

• My last nerve from from this exam.

• Somatic Nervous System

What hormones in the body affect the blood pressure? Select all that apply

• renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

• norepinephrine

• 
  Epinephrine, norepinephrine, ADH

• ADH

Answer explanation

In summary, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a critical regulator of blood pressure (blood volume & electrolyte balance) as well as vascular tone & resistance. Normally, renin is secreted if blood pressure is too low thus activating angiotensin II to increase blood pressure and vascular resistance.