BE1 - SOLID Basic Principles

Which of the following best describes the Open-Closed Principle (OCP)?

• Classes should be open to extension and closed to modification
• Classes should be open to modification and closed to extension
• Classes should neither be open to modification nor extension
• Classes should be open to modification and extension

Which of the following is an example of violating the Open-Closed Principle (OCP)?

• Adding a new subclass to extend the behavior of an existing abstract class
• Implementing an interface to provide a different implementation of a method
• Modifying an existing class to add new functionality
• Utilizing inheritance to reuse code from a base class

Which of the following best describes the Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)?

• High-level modules should depend on low-level modules
• Low-level modules should depend on high-level modules
• Modules should depend on abstractions, not on concretions
• Modules should depend on specific implementations, not on interfaces

Which of the following statements best describes the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)?

• Subclasses should be able to replace instances of their base classes
• Subclasses should inherit implementation details from their base classes
• Subclasses should override all methods of their base classes
• Subclasses should only add new functionality to their base classes

Which of the following is an example of violating the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)?

• A subclass overriding a method from its base class to provide a more specialized behavior
• A subclass throwing an exception that is not declared in the base class
• A subclass extending the base class and implementing additional interfaces
• A subclass inheriting properties and attributes from the base class

Which of the following statements best describes the Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)?

• Classes should have a single responsibility
• Classes should depend on abstractions, not concrete implementations
• Classes should be open for extension and closed for modification
• Clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use

Which of the following is an example of adhering to the Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)?

• A large interface that contains numerous methods catering to various client needs
• A class implementing multiple interfaces, even though it doesn't use all the methods of each interface
• Breaking down a large interface into smaller, more specialized interfaces tailored to specific client needs
• Creating a single interface for all clients, regardless of their specific requirements

Which of the following is an example of adhering to the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)?

• A class that handles user authentication and database connection
• A class that calculates employee salaries and sends email notifications
• A class that reads data from a file and performs data validation
• A class that performs file input/output operations and generates reports

What is the main objective of the Inversion of Control (IoC) principle in software design?

• Simplifying class responsibilities
• Encapsulating business logic
• Achieving loose coupling and and decoupling of modules by introducing interfaces or abstract classes that define contracts
• Improving code reusability and modularity

How does the Inversion of Control affect the manageability of dependencies in software applications?

• It centralizes dependency management in a single class
• It eliminates the need for dependency management altogether
• It enables decoupling and reduces the impact of changes on other components
• It increases the complexity of managing dependencies