CH. 32

Which statement does not accurately describe the pericardium?

• The pericardium is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

• It is made up of connective tissue and a surface layer of squamous cells

• The pericardium protects their heart against infection and inflammation from lungs and pleural space

• It contains pain and mechanoreceptors that can elicit reflex changes in blood pressure and heart rate.

Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why?

• The right and left atria: they're low pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood.

• The right and left atria: they're not directly involved in preload , contractility or afterload of the heart.

• The left ventricle: the mean pressure of blood coming into this ventricle is from the lung, which has low pressure.

• The right ventricle: it pumps blood into the pulmonary capillaries, which have a lower pressure compared with the systemic circulation.

WHICH CHAMBER OF THE HEART ENDURES THE HIGHEST PRESSURE?

• RIGHT ATRIUM

• LEFT ATRIUM

• LEFT VENTRICLE

• RIGHT VENTRRICLE

WHAT IS THE PROCESS THAT ENSURES MITRAL AND TRICUSPID VALVE CLOSURE AFTER THE VENTRICLES ARE FILLED WITH BLOOD.

• CHORDAC TENDINEAE RELKACX, WHICH ALLOWS THE VALVE TO CLOSE.

• INCREEASED PRESSURER IN THE VENTRICLES PUSHES TYHE VALVES TO CLOSE.

• TRABECULAE CARNEAE CONTRACT, WHICH PULLS VALVES CLOSED.

• REDUCECED PRESSURE IN THE ATRIA CREATES A NEGATIVE PRESURE THAT PULLS THE VALVES CLOSED.

REGARDING THE HEART'S VALVES, WHAT IS A FUNCTION OF TYHE PAPILLARY MUSCLES?

• THE PAPILLARY MUSCLES CLOSE THE SEMILUNAR VALVE.

• THESE MUSCLES PREVENT BACKWARD EXPULSION OF THE ATRIVENTRUCLAR VALVE.

• THEY CLOSE THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE.

• THE PAPILLARY MUSCLES OPEN THE SEMILUNAR VALVE.

DURING THYE CARDIAC CYCLE, WHY DO THE AORTIC AND PULMONIC VALVES CLOSE AFTER TYHE VENTRICLES RELAX?

• PAILLARY MUSCLES RLAX, WHICH ALLOWS THE VALVES TO CLOSE.

• CHORDAE TENDINAE CONRTRACT, WHICH PULLS THE VALVES CLOSED.

• REDUCED PRESSURE IN THE VENTRICLES CREATES NEGATIVE PRESSURE, WHICH PULLS THE VALVES CLOSED.

• BLOOD FILLS THE CUSPS OF THE VALVES AND CAUSES THE EDGES TO MERGE, CLOSING THE VALVES.

OXYGEBATED BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH WHICH VESSEL

• SUPERIOR VENA CVA

• PULMONARY VEINS

• PULMONARY ARTERY

• CORONARY VEINS

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ATRIAL KICK IS THAT IF AFFECTS THE CONTRACTION OF THE:

• RIGHT ATRIA; WHICH IS NECESSAREY TO OPEN THE TRICUSPID VALVE.

• RIGHT ATRIA; WHIH IS NECESSARY TO INCREASE THE BLOOD VOLKUME FROM THE VENA CAVA.

• LEFT ATRIA; WHICH INCREASES THE BLOOD FLOW VOLUME INTO THE VERNTRICAL.

• LEFT ATRIA THAT IS NECESSARY TO OPEN THE MITRAL VALVE.

OCCLSUION OF THE LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERY DURING AN MI WOULD INTTERUPT BLOOD SUPPLY TO WHICH STRUCTURES?

• LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRICLES AND MUCH OF THE INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM.

• LEFT ATRIUM AND THE LATERAL WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE.

• UPPER RIGHT VENTRICLE; RIGHT MARGINAL BRANCH, AND RIGHT VENTRICLE TO THE APEX.

• POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS AND THE SMALLER BRANCHES OF BOTH VENTRICLES.

OCCLUSUION OF THE CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY DURING AN MI WOULD INTERRUPT BLOOD SUPPLY TO WHICH AREA?

• LEFT AND RUGHT VERNTRICLES AND MUCH OF THE INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM.

• POSTEROR INTERVENTICULAR SULCUS AND THE SMALLER BRANCHES OF BOTH VENTRICLES.

• UPPER RIGHT VENTRICLE, RIGHT MARGINAL BRANCH AND RIGHT VENTRICLE TO THE APEX.

• LEFT ATRIUM AND TYE LATERAL WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE.