Curriculum

Cowden and Klotman describe curriculum as

• planned instructional activities offered to students which are based on their interaction with instructional content, resources and processes that lead to the attainment of educational objectives

• describes the curriculum as teaching methods, materials, and tools

• those activities that occur in the classroom to promote learning that are based on pre-established objectives

• re-conceptualized curriculum

Rousseau believed

• concerned with educating the whole child

• beyond academic learning and extend to the development of character

• knowledge is developed in graduated steps

• addition to previously learned information

Pestalozzi

• knowledge is developed in graduated steps

• view the curriculum as those activities that occur in the classroom to promote learning t

• teaching methods, materials, and tools.

• concepts should be taught through direct experience before the introduction of names or symbols.

sounds before signs

• Lowell Mason

• Kodaly

• Rousseau

• Pestalozzi

• Bobbitt

Pestalozzi believed

Bobbitt

• knowledge is developed in graduated steps

• general education for all youth

• knowledge is developed in graduated steps

• contributing adult citizens

critical of the school curriculum and believed that it focused too much on subject matter rather than the interest of children.

Believed that teachers should evaluate plans and testing

curriculum should be constantly growing, evaluated, and revised

Tyler : What educational___should the school attain?