Physics paper 2 :2

How does Newton's third law apply to equilibrium situations?

• Acceleration

• A body is in equilibrium when the forces acting on it are all balanced, so there is no overall force acting on the body. 

What’s the thinking distance?

• The distance travelled by the vehicle because of the braking force

• The distance travelled by the vehicle during the driver’s reaction time

What’s the braking distance?

• The distance travelled by the vehicle because of the braking force

• The distance travelled by the vehicle during the driver’s reaction time

What’s the stopping distance?

• The distance travelled by the vehicle because of the braking force

• The distance travelled by the vehicle during the driver’s reaction time

• sum of the distance the vehicle travels during the driver's reaction time (thinking distance) and the distance it travels under the braking force.

How is reaction time can affect thinking distance?

• The distance travelled by the vehicle because of the braking force

• The distance travelled by the vehicle during the driver’s reaction time

• Longer reaction times increase the thinking distance when stopping from a given speed. 

Describe physical factors that can affect braking distance - condition of tyres, road etc

• Weight of the vehicle

• Temperature

• Speed of vehicle

• Sunlight

• efficiency of the braking system.

explain why large decelerations are dangerous and estimate values forces involved in deceleration of road vehicles

• The distance travelled by the vehicle because of the braking force

• The distance travelled by the vehicle during the driver’s reaction time

• Large decelerations may cause the brakes to overheat, and the driver may also lose control of the vehicle.

Describe the origin and properties of longitudinal waves and examples

• Electromagnetic waves

• the vibrations are parallel to the direction

• Move up and down

• Sound waves

Describe the origin and properties of transverse waves and examples

• Electromagnetic waves

• the vibrations are parallel to the direction

• Move up and down

• Sound waves

Meaning of frequency

• The distance travelled by the vehicle because of the braking force

• The distance travelled by the vehicle during the driver’s reaction time

• Number of waves passing a point each second