Mutation

A section of the DNA is represented, what are the components labelled X, Y and Z respectively?

• Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, guanine

• Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, guanine

• Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, thymine

• Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, thymine

What is the significance of mutations in non-coding DNA?

• They do not alter nucleotides

• They do not affect phenotype

• They may affect gene expression

• They may alter amino acid codons

Point mutations are single base-pair mutations. A disease/condition caused by a missense mutation is . . .

• Sickle cell anaemia

• Cystic fibrosis

• Down syndrome

• Multiple sclerosis

Select the correct answer.

Mutations occurring in somatic cells are . . .

• Not inherited by descendants of the individual and does not impact mitosis

• Inherited by descendants of the individual and impacts mitosis

• Inherited by descendants of the individual and does not impact mitosis

• Not inherited by descendants of the individual and impacts mitosis

A section of DNA is removed, turned around 180 degrees and reinserted into the chromosome so that the bases are in reverse order. This is an example of what type of mutation?

• Chromosomal translocation

• Chromosomal insertion

• Chromosomal inversion

• Chromosomal deletion

True or False.

A chromosomal translocation occurs when a section of the DNA is moved from one chromosome to a homologous chromosome.

• True

• False

What statement is correct regarding the phenotypic effect of nonsense and silent mutations respectively?

• Protein is non-functional and no noticeable change on the protein.

• Protein is non-functional and the protein end product is changed to a different protein.

• Protein is changed to a different protein and no noticeable change in the protein.

• Protein is changed to a different protein and end product is changed to a different protein.