Quiz about Water Cycle/Groundwater and Climate Test Review FMS

Question 1

What is the best explanation for the two statements below?

Some mountains located near the Earth's Equator have snow-covered peaks. Icecaps exist at the Earth's poles.

Accepted Answer

D) High elevation and high latitude have a similar effect on climate.

Answer

A) Both mountain and polar regions have arid climates.

Answer

B) An increase in snowfall and an increase in temperature have a similar effect on climate.

Answer

C) Mountain and polar regions receive more energy from the Sun than other regions do.

Question 2

The map below shows an imaginary continent on Earth. Arrows represent prevailing wind directions. Letters A through D represent locations on the continent. Locations A and B are at the same latitude and at the same elevation at the base of the mountains.

Over the course of a year, compared to location B, location A will have

Accepted Answer

C) more precipitation and a smaller temperature range

Answer

A) less precipitation and a greater temperature range

Answer

B) less precipitation and a smaller temperature range

Answer

D) more precipitation and a greater temperature range

Question 3

The climate at location C is much drier than at location D. This difference is best explained by the fact that location C is located

Accepted Answer

B) at a latitude where air is sinking and surface winds diverge

Answer

A) at a latitude that experiences longer average annual daylight

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C) farther from any mountain range

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D) closer to a large body of water

Question 4

Compared to an inland location of the same elevation and latitude, a coastal location is likely to have

Accepted Answer

B) cooler summers and warmer winters

Answer

A) warmer summers and cooler winters

Answer

C) warmer summers and warmer winters

Answer

D) cooler summers and cooler winters

Question 5

Which graph best shows the general effect that differences in elevation above sea level have on the average annual temperature?

Accepted Answer

Option A is correct

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 6

According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, at which of these latitudes would average annual precipitation be greatest?

Accepted Answer

0 $$\degree$$

Answer

90 $$\degree$$ S

Answer

90 $$\degree$$ N

Answer

30 $$\degree$$ N

Question 7

Which one of the following statements best explains why climates at continental shorelines generally have a smaller yearly temperature range than inland climates at the same latitude?D) Land is a poor absorber and a poor conductor of heat energy.

Accepted Answer

B) Ocean water changes temperature slowly, due to the high specific heat and transparency of water.

Answer

A) Land changes temperature rapidly, due to the high specific heat and lack of transparency of land.

Answer

C) Ocean water is a good absorber and a good conductor of heat energy.

Answer

D) Land is a poor absorber and a poor conductor of heat energy.

Question 8

What is the source of most of the water vapor that enters the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

D) oceans

Answer

A) lakes

Answer

B) plants

Answer

C) soil

Question 9

Which current is a cool ocean current that flows completely around Earth?

Accepted Answer

C) West Wind Drift

Answer

A) North Equatorial Current

Answer

B) California Current

Answer

D) Gulf Stream

Question 10

Water will enter the soil if the ground surface is

Accepted Answer

D) permeable and unsaturated

Answer

A) impermeable and unsaturated

Answer

B) impermeable and saturated

Answer

C) permeable and saturated

Question 11

Which diagram represents the soil with the greatest permeability?

Accepted Answer

Option A is correct

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 12

A city located near the center of a large continent has colder winters and warmer summers than a city at the same elevation and latitude located on the continent's coast. Which statement best explains the difference between the cities' climates?

Accepted Answer

D) Land has a lower specific heat than water.

Answer

A) Air masses originate only over land.

Answer

B) Windspeeds are greater over land than over oceans.

Answer

C) Water changes temperature more rapidly than land.

Question 13

According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, the climate of which location in New York State is influenced least by large bodies of water?

Accepted Answer

D) Binghamton

Answer

A) Buffalo

Answer

B) Jamestown

Answer

C) New York City

Question 14

In the diagram of a mountain below, location A and location B have the same elevation. Compared to the climate at location A, the climate at location B will be

Accepted Answer

A) warmer and drier

Answer

B) cooler and drier

Answer

C) warmer and wetter

Answer

D) cooler and wetter

Question 15

The direction of surface ocean currents is influenced most by

Accepted Answer

A) planetary winds

Answer

B) variations in density of the water

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C) land breezes and sea breezes

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D) variations in salinity of the water

Question 16

Arrows on the map below represent ocean currents. These ocean currents affect the climate pattern of city X by

Accepted Answer

C) increasing the average annual temperature

Answer

A) decreasing the average annual evapotranspiration

Answer

B) decreasing the average annual cloud cover

Question 17

The diagram below represents a landscape profile. Points A, B, C, D, and E are locations in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. At which location would the daily temperature range during the month of July be smallest?

Accepted Answer

E

Answer

B

Answer

C

Answer

D

Question 18

When rain falls on a soil surface, flooding at that location would most likely occur if the A) soil pore spaces are filled to capacity B) soil surface is covered with vegetation C) soil surface is permeable D) infiltration rate exceeds the precipitation rate

Accepted Answer

A) soil pore spaces are filled to capacity

Answer

B) soil surface is covered with vegetation

Answer

C) soil surface is permeable

Answer

D) infiltration rate exceeds the precipitation rate

Question 19

When rainfall occurs, the water will most likely become surface runoff if the surface of the soil is

Accepted Answer

C) steeply sloped

Answer

A) covered with trees

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B) highly permeable

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D) loose and sandy

Question 20

The diagram below represents two identical containers filled with samples of loosely packed sediments. The sediments are composed of the same material, but differ in particle size. Which property is most nearly the same for the two samples?

Accepted Answer

A) porosity

Answer

B) water retention

Answer

C) infiltration rate

Answer

D) capillarity

Question 21

The graph below represents the relationship between the time of year and the average monthly discharge of a stream located in New York State. According to the graph, when will maximum surface runoff occur?

Accepted Answer

B) February through April

Answer

A) June through August

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C) April through June

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D) October through December

Question 22

Water will infiltrate surface material if the material is

Accepted Answer

B) permeable and unsaturated

Answer

A) permeable and saturated

Answer

C) impermeable and saturated

Answer

D) impermeable and unsaturated

Question 23

Which graph best represents the relationship between the surface slope of a dry, sandy soil and the infiltration rate of rain?

Accepted Answer

Option A is correct

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 24

During a rainstorm, when is surface runoff least likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

D) when the permeability rate of the soil equals the rainfall rate

Answer

A) when the pore spaces of the ground are saturated with water

Answer

B) when the rainfall rate exceeds the permeability rate of the soil

Answer

C) when the slope of the surface is too great for infiltration to occur

Question 25

Which is most important in determining the amount of ground water that can be stored within a rock?

Accepted Answer

A) the rock's porosity

Answer

B) the rock's color

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C) the rock's hardness

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D) the rock's geologic age

Question 26

The diagrams below represent two identical containers filled with nonporous uniform particles. The containers represent models of two different sizes of soil particles. Compared to the model containing larger particles, the model containing smaller particles has

Accepted Answer

D) less permeability and greater capillarity

Answer

A) greater permeability and greater porosity

Answer

B) less permeability and greater porosity

Answer

C) greater porosity and greater capillarity

Question 27

Surface runoff will generally be greatest when the

Accepted Answer

D) slope of the land is too great to permit infiltration

Answer

A) ground is permeable and unsaturated

Answer

B) rainfall is light and the ground is permeable

Answer

C) infiltration rate is greater than the rainfall rate

Question 28

The three graphs below show information about the soil characteristics of four locations in a river valley in western New York State. Which location would probably experience the greatest rate of water infiltration at the start of the next rainstorm?

Accepted Answer

D) location C

Answer

A) location B

Answer

B) location D

Answer

C) location A

Question 29

Which diagram best illustrates the condition of the soil below the water table?

Accepted Answer

Option B is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 30

The diagrams below which describe an investigation with soils. Three similar tubes, each containing a specific soil of uniform particle size and shape were used to study the effect that different particle size has on porosity, capillarity, and permeability. A fourth tube containing soil which was a mixture of the same sizes found in the other tubes was also studied and its data are recorded in the table. [Assume that the soils were perfectly dry between each part of the investigation.]

Each tube was placed in a shallow pan of water. In which tube did the water rise the highest?

Accepted Answer

A

Answer

C

Answer

D

Answer

B

Question 31

The diagrams below which describe an investigation with soils. Three similar tubes, each containing a specific soil of uniform particle size and shape were used to study the effect that different particle size has on porosity, capillarity, and permeability. A fourth tube containing soil which was a mixture of the same sizes found in the other tubes was also studied and its data are recorded in the table. [Assume that the soils were perfectly dry between each part of the investigation.]

The bottom of each tube was closed and water was slowly poured into each tube until the water level reached the dotted line. Which statem

Accepted Answer

C) Tube A, B and C held the same amount of water and tube D half as much.

Answer

A) Tube A and D held the same amount of water and twice as much as tubes B and C.

Answer

B) Tube C held more water than any other tube and tube D the least.

Answer

D) Tube D held more water than any other tube and tube A the least.

Question 32

The diagrams below which describe an investigation with soils. Three similar tubes, each containing a specific soil of uniform particle size and shape were used to study the effect that different particle size has on porosity, capillarity, and permeability. A fourth tube containing soil which was a mixture of the same sizes found in the other tubes was also studied and its data are recorded in the table. [Assume that the soils were perfectly dry between each part of the investigation.]

When water was poured into the top of each tube at the same time, which tube allowed the water to pass through most quickly?

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

B

Answer

D

Answer

A

Question 33

The image is of a(n):

Accepted Answer

El Nino event

Answer

La Nina event

Answer

Non-El Nino (normal conditions)

Question 34

El Nino occurs when the tropical ocean waters are warmer in which ocean?

Accepted Answer

Pacific

Answer

Atlantic

Answer

Indian

Answer

Arctic

Question 35

During El Nino, warm water from the Western Pacific migrates East.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 36

Which side of The Great Lakes do we get snow?

Accepted Answer

leeward side

Answer

windward side

Question 37

Cold air moves over warmer lake, the air warms and rises cools and condenses into clouds producing snow on the leeward side of the lake

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 38

In winter, a cold, dry air mass from Canada moves across Lake Ontario. The air over the lake is warmer and more humid than the air over the land. Which weather condition is most likely to occur as the air mass reaches Oswego?