Atomic Structure and Diffusion

An element S has the proton number 18. The next element in the Periodic Table is an element T.

Which statement is correct?

• Element T has one more electron in its outer shell than element S

• Element T has one more electron shell than element S.

• Element T is in the same group of the Periodic Table as element S

• Element T is in the same period of the Periodic Table as element S.

Which numbers are added together to give the nucleon number of an ion?

• number of electrons + number of neutrons

• number of electrons + number of protons

• number of electrons + number of protons + number of neutrons

• number of protons + number of neutrons

The symbols of two atoms may be written as shown.

Which statement about these atoms is correct?

• They are different elements because they have different numbers of neutrons.

• They are different elements because they have different numbers of protons.

• They are isotopes of the same element because they have the same nucleon number.

• They are isotopes of the same element because they have the same proton number.

‘Particles moving very slowly from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.’ Which process is being described above?

• a liquid being frozen

• a solid melting

• a substance diffusing through the air

Which statement is an example of diffusion?

• A kitchen towel soaks up some spilt milk.

• Ice cream melts in a warm room.

• Pollen from flowers is blown by the wind.

• The smell of cooking spreads through a house.

What is the nucleon number of an atom?

• the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in the nucleus

• the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus

• the number of neutrons in the nucleus

• the number of protons in the nucleus

The diagram shows the diffusion of hydrogen chloride and ammonia in a glass tube. The gases are given off by the solutions at each end of the tube. When hydrogen chloride and ammonia mix they produce a white solid, ammonium chloride. Which line shows where the white solid is formed?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The diagram shows how the arrangement of particles changes when a substance changes state. Which change of state is shown?

• boiling

• condensation

• evaporation

• sublimation

Propanone, C₃H₆O, is a liquid at room temperature. What is the boiling point of pure propanone?

• –61 °C to –51 °C

• –56 °C

• 51 °C to 61 °C

• 56 °C

The melting points and boiling points of four elements are shown. In which elements do the particles vibrate about fixed positions at 0 °C?

• W and X

• W and Z

• X and Y

• Y and Z