граматика

1. According to Saussure, what is the distinction between "langue" and "parole" in comparative studies?

• Langue refers to the physical form of words, while parole refers to the underlying system of a language.

• Langue and parole are two terms used interchangeably to describe language systems.

• Langue refers to the underlying system of a language, while parole pertains to individual speech acts.

• Langue and parole both refer to the historical development of languages.

2. What do signs consist of, according to Saussure's linguistic framework?

• Signifier and signified

• Langue and parole

• Phonetics and phonology

• Grammar and semantics

How can the concept of sign and signifier/signified be applied in comparative studies?

• By comparing historical language changes

• By analyzing the physical forms of words

• By examining the underlying structures of languages

• By tracing etymological connections between languages

What does Saussure's structuralist approach to language emphasize?

• Historical analysis of languages

• Individual speech acts

• Physical forms of words

• Analyzing underlying structures and systems of languages

How can comparative studies benefit from structural analysis

• By comparing individual speech acts in different languages

• By focusing on the physical forms of words

• By analyzing the grammatical, phonological, and semantic structures of languages

• By examining historical language changes

What perspectives do comparative studies often incorporate?

• Diachronic and synchronic

• Langue and parole

• Structural and functional

• Phonetics and phonology