Functionalist theories of crime and deviance

According to Durkheim, what positive function does crime serve in society?

• Safety valve for minor crimes
• Warning sign for necessary change
• Adaptation and progress
• Boundary maintenance and social cohesion

What does the warning sign function of crime imply?

• Crime reinforces acceptable behavior in society
• Deviance is necessary for social progress
• A certain type of crime indicates societal dysfunction and the need for change
• Minor crimes prevent more serious crimes

How does the safety valve function of crime work?

• Crime reinforces acceptable behavior in society
• Certain deviant behaviors prevent societal stagnation
• Minor crimes prevent larger, more serious crimes
• Crime serves as a warning sign for necessary change

According to Merton's strain theory, what types of responses to societal goals and means can lead to crime?

• Conformity, innovation, ritualism, rebellion, retreatism
• Conformity, innovation, revolution, adaptation, retreatism
• Conformity, invention, ritualism, rebellion, retreatism
• Conformity, innovation, ritualism, revolution, retreatism

Which subcultural theory suggests that young people turn to crime as a response to their frustration in achieving social goals?

• Illegitimate opportunity structures by Cloward and Ohlin
• Control theory by Hirschi
• Focal concerns theory by Miller
• Status frustration theory by Cohen

According to control theory, what factors prevent individuals from committing crimes?

• Focal concerns, illegitimate opportunities, subcultural membership
• Belief, attachment, involvement, commitment
• Strain, frustration, opportunity structures
• Warning signs, boundary maintenance, social cohesion

What positive function does crime serve in society according to Clinard and Cohen?

• Adaptation and progress
• Boundary maintenance and social cohesion
• Safety valve for minor crimes
• Warning sign for necessary change

What concept in criminology suggests that crime is created by society?

• Social construction
• Deviance
• Crime and legislation
• Norms and values

According to Lombroso's biological explanation of crime, what physical features are associated with criminals?

• Large foreheads, big ears, small eyes
• Tall stature, broad shoulders, muscular build
• Thin lips, narrow nose, high cheekbones
• Long fingers, curved nails, small feet