Globalisation and religion

What does cultural defence refer to in the context of religion?

• A country's defense strategy against foreign threats
• The ways in which religion unites a community against external threats
• The preservation of traditional cultural practices
• The promotion of cultural diversity and tolerance

What concept emphasises hard work, discipline, and frugality as a result of subscribing to the values espoused by the Protestant faith?

• The Catholic work ethic
• The Islamic work ethic
• The Hindu work ethic
• The Protestant work ethic

How did the Catholic Church serve as a rallying point for Poles during communist rule in Poland?

• By supporting the communist regime
• By promoting secular values
• By suppressing Polish national identity
• By opposing the communist regime

In Iran, what led to the focus on Islam as a resistance against imposed changes?

• The influence of Western powers and Big Oil companies
• The overthrow of the democratic government in the 1950s
• The banning of the veil and replacement of the Muslim calendar
• The leadership of the Ayatollah Khomeini

According to Nanda, how has Hinduism contributed to economic growth and the development of a new middle class in India?

• By denouncing wealth as a sin and discouraging economic pursuits
• By promoting traditional Hindu values and rejecting modern prosperity
• By reinterpreting wealth as a sign of divine favor and encouraging economic pursuits
• By emphasizing spiritual salvation over material wealth

What is a characteristic of the surge in Hinduism's popularity in India, according to Nanda?

• The rejection of Indian culture in favor of worshiping Hindu gods
• The emphasis on traditional Hindu values and rituals
• The adoption of ultra-nationalism and worship of Indian culture
• The promotion of interfaith dialogue and cooperation

According to Berger, how does Pentecostalism impact the economy in South America?

• It encourages followers to wait for salvation in the afterlife
• It inspires followers to better themselves through hard work and economic pursuits
• It discourages economic growth and promotes simplicity
• It replaces Catholicism as the dominant religious belief

What does Lehmann's analysis of Pentecostalism in China and South Korea suggest?

• Pentecostalism adapts its message to local needs and traditions, boosting its popularity
• Pentecostalism promotes a global identity and rejects local traditions
• Pentecostalism has declined in popularity due to competition from other religions
• Pentecostalism encourages its followers to focus on the afterlife rather than economic pursuits