Autoimmune Disease (KC)

Match the description to the correct line of defence

• Inflammatory response, Phagocytes, Natural killer cells, Cytokines

• Second line defence

• Lymphocytes

• First line defence

• Physical barriers, Chemical barriers

• Third line defence

Answer explanation

Innate immunity consists of two levels of protection: the 1st & 2nd line defence and the 3rd line defence is often refer to adaptive immunity.

Which of the following is an example of first line of defence?

• Skin

• Mucous membrane

• Enzymes

• All of the above

​ (a)   provides general or nonspecific protection that is present ​ (b)   and protects the individual by providing a​ (c)   , activating cells and molecules that limit and destroy the capacity of ​ (d)   to enter and spread throughout the body

• Innate immunity
• at birth
• natural barrier
• foreign substances

List the major lymphoid organs in the body system and their functions (3)

Answer explanation

Red bone marrow: the primary lymphoid organ for B cell proliferation & differentiation

Thymus: the primary lymphoid organ for T cell proliferation & differentiation

Spleen: regulates blood cell level (WBC, RBC, Platelet) & removes old and damaged RBC's

What is the third line of defence called?

• Innate immunity

• Adaptive immunity

• Inflammatory response

• Permanent protection

Which of the following is NOT a quality of adaptive immunity?

• It has memory, so that it can provide permanent or long-term protection

• It is specific against particular foreign substances, such as microorganisms

• Products of the adaptive immune response protect the individual by activating components of innate immunity

• It provides general or nonspecific protection that is present at birth

Which of the following condition is a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

• contact dermatitis

• blood transfusion reaction

• anaphylaxis

• rheumatoid arthritis

Which is NOT a type of hypersensitivity reactions?

• IgE-Mediated hypersensitivity

• IgG-Mediated hypersensitivity

• IgF-Mediated hypersensitivity

• Cell-Mediated hypersensitivity

List 3 signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis

Answer explanation

Neurological:

-Headache -Dizziness -Paraesthesia -Feeling of impending doom

Skin:

-Pruritus -Angio-oedema -Erythema -Urticaria

Respiratory:

-Hoarseness -Coughing -Sensation of narrowed airway -Wheezing -Stridor

-Dyspnoea/Tachypnoea -Respiratory arrest

Cardiovascular:

-Hypotension -Arrhythmias -Tachycardia -Cardiac arrest

Gastrointestinal:

-Cramping/Abdominal pain -Nausea/Vomiting -Diarrhoea

Which of theses statements is FALSE about Autoimmune disease?

• The presence of autoantibodies leads to autoimmune disease regardless its quantity.  

• Autoantibodies and cytotoxic T cells damage the individual’s own tissues

• Genetic inheritance and an environmental triggers cause activation of antigen-presenting cells

• Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system reacts against self-antigens