Integumentary System Disorders (KC)

Which is NOT part of the dermis layer?

• Blood vessels

• Sweat glands

• Hair shafts

• Nerves

List 3 extrinsic factors that cause ageing

Answer explanation

Sunlight

Cigarette smoking 

Health status

Which of the following description regarding ageing of the integumentary system is correct?

• Increased risks of injury to the skin

• All of the above

• Slower wound healing

• Increased risk of skin infections (e.g., dermatophytosis, cellultitis)

What features are required for a trans dermal patch to penetrate the skin?

• All of the above

• Water soluble and high molecular weight

• Fat soluble and water soluble

• High molecular weight and fat soluble

Answer explanation

soluble in both fat and water; with a low molecular weight and high potency, are ideal components for transdermal delivery.

Transdermal patches penetrate the epidermis and then dermal layer where it is able to penetrate blood vessels.

Give examples of why an older person is more susceptible to sustain skin tear

Answer explanation

Decrease collagen, Decreased skin production. The older population's skin is usually thinner and more fragile.

What are the three zones of a burn?

• Coagulative necrosis, Stasis, Hyperaemia

• Decreased capillary permeability, Stasis, Increased tissue perfusion

• Coagulative necrosis, Stasis, Hypoxaemia

• System inflammatory response, Hyperaemia, Pain

Answer explanation

coagulative necrosis (innermost zone) there is coagulation of cellular proteins and destruction of the microcirculation, resulting in rapid cell death and necrosis.

stasis (middle zone) (slowed blood flow), is characterised by decreased tissue perfusion. Increased capillary permeability results in leakage of fluid into the extravascular space.

hyperaemia (outermost layer) is an area with increased tissue perfusion.

Match the following complication of burns to the system

• Arrhythmias, Hypovolaemic shock

• Renal system 

• inhalation injury, URTI, pneumonia

• Respiratory system 

• acute tubular necrosis (ATN), Renal ischemia, Acute kidney injury

• Cardiovascular system 

Match the following Different classifications of burns

• full thickness burns

• Second degree burns

• partial thickness burns

• First degree burns

• superficial burns

• Third degree burns

List three different types of burns

Answer explanation

Different types of burns

Thermal burns

Radiation burns

Chemical burns

Electrical burns

Match the following

• caused by circulating mediators (TNF-a) and impaired calcium

• Reduced cardiac output

• Damage to cells causes a shif of electrolytes, sodium moves into injured cells and potassium out

• Decreased contactility

• Loss of plasma proteins from the vascular space

• Immune suppression

• results from decreased plasma volume

• Hypoproteinaemia / Hypoalbuminaemia

• Increasing susceptibility to systemic wound sepsis

• Hyperkalaemia