Semester 2 Vocabulary

49ers

• Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US, ending the use of overland trails.
• 17th President of the United States, was from the South and would oppose Radical Republicans attempts to bring more rights to freedmen.
• Idea that the people of a territory, rather than the United States Congress, should decide whether to permit slavery in the territory before it became a state.
• Nickname of people that moved to California in hopes to become rich during the Gold Rush.

54th Massachusetts

• A law that made it a crime to help blacks running away from slavery; allowed for the arrest of runaways in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to their enslavers.
• Election were the primary issue was slavery in the United States. The result caused 7 southern states to leave the Union before the beginning of the Civil War.
• The first all-African-American unit to fight in a battle in U.S. History proved to the white soldiers that African-Americans could fight.
• Belief shared by many Americans the mid-1800s that the United States was meant to expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean.

Abraham Lincoln

• Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US, ending the use of overland trails.
• The 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and abolished slavery.
• A Shoshone woman that helped as a guide and translator during the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
• Lakota leader of the Hunkpapa band. He led his men to defeat the U.S army under Lt. Col. George Custer in the Battle of Little Bighorn. He also was part of "Buffalo Bill's Wild West" show in the 1880's.

Amendments 13

• President who signed the Indian Removal act and still carried it out after the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional.
• Nez Perce leader of the Wallowa band. He surrendered to the U.S. government after years of fighting in 1877, with the agreement that he and his people would be allowed back to their reservation in Idaho. The surviving Nez Perce were instead sent to Kansas.
• Amendment to the Constitutions that brought the abolition of slavery
• Compromise about slavery in California. Decided to admit California as free state, abolish the slavery in Washington DC, and create a new fugitive slave law

Amendments 14

• The 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and abolished slavery.
• Granted citizenship to African Americans and the enslaved who had been freed after the Civil War.
• A radical abolitionist whose attempt to free enslaved blacks cost a number of lives and helped indirectly to bring on the American Civil War.
• Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Amendments 15

• President who signed the Indian Removal act and still carried it out after the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional.
• Outlawed preventing a person from voting because of race, color, or creed.
• Congressional act that authorized the removal of American Indians who lived east of the Mississippi River.
• Lakota Sioux war leader of the Oglala band. He was openly defiant of the U.S government in defense of the Lakota tribe.

Anaconda Plan

• The Union plan devised by General Winfield Scott to blockade the South and restrict its trade to win the war.
• A treaty signed in 1868 that promised land in South Dakota to the Lakota Sioux tribe. The Lakota never got that land because of Gold found in the Black Hills, and in 1880 the U.S. government agreed to pay the Sioux for the land, plus interest. The Sioux have refused payment to this day.
• An 800-mile forced march made by the Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to the Indian Territory; resulted in the death of thousands of Cherokee.
• Congressional act that authorized the removal of American Indians who lived east of the Mississippi River.

Andrew Jackson

• The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.
• A Shoshone woman that helped as a guide and translator during the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
• President who signed the Indian Removal act and still carried it out after the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional.
• Amendment to the Constitutions that brought the abolition of slavery

Andrew Johnson

• Election were the primary issue was slavery in the United States. The result caused 7 southern states to leave the Union before the beginning of the Civil War.
• 17th President of the United States, was from the South and would oppose Radical Republicans attempts to bring more rights to freedmen.
• Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US, ending the use of overland trails.
• The social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

Assimilation

• The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.
• The social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another
• A 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal.
• Outlawed preventing a person from voting because of race, color, or creed.