In-text citations

One example of in-text citations at the beginning of the information is ...

• … (paraphrased information) (Smith, 2022).

• "…" (a direct quote from the source) (Smith, 2022, p.29).​

• Smith (2022) argues that + … (paraphrased information)​.

One example of an in-text citation with two authors in the same source is ...

• Chen et al. (2018)

• Smith and William (2020) claim that + … (paraphrased information)​.

• (Chen et al., 2018)​

One example of in-text citations at the end of the sentence is ...

• "…" (a direct quote from the source) (Smith, 2022, p.29)

• According to Smith (2022), … (paraphrased information)​.

• Smith (2022) argues that + … (information).​

One example of an intext-citation with three or more authors in one document is ...

• Chen et al. (2018)

• Smith and William (2020) claim that + … (paraphrased information)​.

• … (information) (Ewing & Cooper, 2021)​

One example of in-text citations at the beginning of the information is ...

• "…" (a direct quote from the source) (Smith, 2022, p.29)

• According to Smith (2022), … (paraphrased information)​.

• .​… (paraphrased information) (Smith, 2022).

Which one is correct?

• As described in several studies, students self-assessed their own writing drafts and/or peer-assessed the writing works of their classmates based on a "writing rubric" (Tran and Duong) or in terms of "the effectiveness of the essay" (Phan, 2019).

• As described in several studies, students self-assessed their own writing drafts and/or peer-assessed the writing works of their classmates based on a "writing rubric" (Tran and Duong, 2018) or in terms of "the effectiveness of the essay" (Phan, 2019).

• As described in several studies, students self-assessed their own writing drafts and/or peer-assessed the writing works of their classmates based on a "writing rubric" (Tran and Duong, 2018, p. 3) or in terms of "the effectiveness of the essay" (Phan, 2019, p. 134).

Which one is correct?

• According to Deci and Ryan (1985), intrinsic

  motivation refers to the doing of an activity simply for its innate interest and satisfaction, while an extrinsically motivated activity aims to achieve some separable outcome (p. 243).

• According to Deci and Ryan (1985), intrinsic

  motivation refers to the doing of an activity simply for its innate interest and satisfaction, while an extrinsically motivated activity aims to achieve some separable outcome.

• According to Deci and Ryan, intrinsic

  motivation refers to the doing of an activity simply for its innate interest and satisfaction, while an extrinsically motivated activity aims to achieve some separable outcome.

Which one is correct?

• Autonomy is defined by Benson (2011) as "the capacity to take control of one’s own learning" (p. 58).

• Autonomy is defined by Benson (2011) as "the capacity to take control of one’s own learning".

• Autonomy is defined by Benson as "the capacity to take control of one’s own learning" (p. 58).

Which one is correct?

• Validity refers to the extent of how appropriate any measuring instrument is with reference to its measuring purpose(s) (Carmines and Zeller, 1979, p. 12).

• Validity refers to the extent of how appropriate any measuring instrument is with reference to its measuring purpose(s) (Carmines and Zeller).

• Validity refers to the extent of how appropriate any measuring instrument is with reference to its measuring purpose(s) (Carmines and Zeller, 1979).

Look at the following in-text citation. How many authors are there in this source?

In Duong et al.’s (2011) research, much as a rubric with detailed capabilities and performance indicators was developed, it is not clear based on what prompts students write their reflection letters.

• Two

• Three or more