Environmental Science Final

What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

• They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.

• They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.

• They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem.

• They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In a desert environment, cactus wrens (a bird) often build their nests in cholla cacti to avoid predators. This behavior does not hurt the cacti. Which type of relationship do cactus wrens and cholla cacti demonstrate?

• competitive

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

After a volcanic eruption has covered an area with lava, which of the following is the most likely order of succession in the repopulation of the area?

• lichens, grasses, shrubs, trees

• mosses, grasses, lichens, trees

• grasses, trees, mosses, lichens

• shrubs, grasses, trees, lichens

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Which relationship is mutualistic?

• an insect that lives and feeds on the body of an alligator

• an ant that lives on a plant and defends the plant from other insects

• a bird that migrates to follow the movements of the butterflies that it eats

• a deer that eats one kind of plant, which allows another kind of plant to grow in its place

An ocean, a forest, and a grassy meadow are each examples of a complete ecosystem. Complete ecosystems contain...

• only animals

• only rocks and water

• living and nonliving things

• populations of plants and animals

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which model correctly shows energy flow in a food chain?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The diagram below shows a simple food web. Which animal is classified as an omnivore?

• red fox

• deer

• black bear

• rabbit

The diagram below shows a marine food chain. The zooplankton in this food chain are

• primary producers

• primary consumers

• secondary consumers

• tertiary consumers

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid?

• clams

• sharks

• sardines

• kelp

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

If animals eat plants to get energy, where do

plants get their energy?

• soil

• water

• wind

• sun

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3