business environment terminology

This is when a relatively large number of decisions are taken by management at the top of the organisation.

This describes the undocumented relationships between members of the organisation that emerge as people adapt systems to new conditions and satisfy personal and group needs.

This shows the main departments and senior positions in an organisation and the reporting relations between them.

This consists of guidelines, documents or procedures setting out how the organisation’s activities are divided and coordinated.

This is the ‘sum total of the ways in which it divides its labour into distinct tasks and then achieves coordination among them’ (Mintzberg, 1979).

This is when a relatively large number of decisions are taken lower down the organisation in the operating units.

This is the practice of using written or electronic documents to direct and control employees.

This is when tasks are grouped into departments based on similar skills and expertise.

This is when tasks are grouped in relation to their outputs, such as products or the needs of different types of customer.

This is when those doing a task report both to a functional and a project or divisional boss.